Chp 8 Practice Q's

Question 1

Which of the following do people adopt when they behave according to widely shared expectations of how males or females are supposed to act?

a) gender
b) gender role
c) gender identity
d) hermaphroditism

Answer 1

b) gender role

Question 2

According to the best estimate from the United States as reported in the text, transgender persons make up what percent of the population?

a) 0.3 percent
b) 1.0 percent
c) 1.3 percent
d) 3.0 percent

Answer 2

a) 0.3 percent

Question 3

Analysts who see gender differences as a reflection of naturally evolved tendencies are approaching gender from which perspective?

a) essentialism
b) functionalism
c) social constructionism
d) symbolic interactionism

Answer 3

a) essentialism

Question 4

Which theory describes society as more integrated when women specialize in raising children and managing the household, and men work in the paid labour force?

a) feminist theory
b) functionalist theory
c) symbolic interactionist theory
d) patriarchal theory

Answer 4

b) functionalist theory

Question 5

Which of the following is promoted when social expectations instill in men a fear that they won’t be attractive to women if they are too feminine, and instill in women a fear that they won’t be attractive to men if they are too masculine?

a) sexism
b) gay bashing
c) homosexuality
d) gender role conformity

Answer 5

d) gender role conformity

Question 6

Every week, seven-year-old Jazmyn and three of her friends spend Saturday afternoon dressing up in their “princess” costumes. What are the four girls learning is the centre of social interaction with this activity?

a) aggressively pursuing the truth
b) asserting any differences of opinion
c) maintaining a well-managed home
d) maintaining cordial relationships and avoiding conflict

Answer 6

d) maintaining cordial relationships and avoiding conflict

Question 7

Which term best describes a set of ideas about what constitutes appropriate masculine and feminine roles and behaviour?

a) gender ideology
b) gender role
c) gender socialization
d) gender essentialism

Answer 7

a) gender ideology

Question 8

Darla refuses to send her husband flowers at work because she believes that it would be inappropriate and embarrassing for him. Husbands don’t get flowers; they send flowers. To which sociological concept is Darla adhering?

a) compulsory gender
b) marital boundaries
c) gender roles
d) identity roles

Answer 8

c) gender roles

Question 9

When Tim and Tamara found out they were expecting a boy, they painted the nursery blue and purchased several Tonka trucks and a variety of sports equipment. When their daughter was born two years later, they scheduled a day of shopping for pink clothing and painted her bedroom a different colour. Which sociological approach suggests that Tim and Tamara are creating ideas about gender for their children?

a) essentialism
b) social constructionism
c) liberal feminism
d) radical feminism

Answer 9

b) social constructionism

Question 10

Scott and his husband, Jesse, buy different toys for their four-year-old son. Scott tends to buy their son dolls, while Jesse tends to give him trucks to play with. According to your text, what is Jesse attempting to encourage?

a) gender-specific behaviours
b) social behaviours
c) constructive behaviours
d) natural behaviours

Answer 10

a) gender-specific behaviours

Question 11

According to the text, by what age are gender ideologies well formed as a result of gender socialization?

a) 2
b) 5
c) 15
d) 25

Answer 11

c) 15

Question 12

During a class discussion, Jai argues that most social inequality could be resolved if society would accept that there are multiple sexualities that may change throughout a person’s lifespan. Which theory does her argument follow?

a) queer theory
b) sexual identity theory
c) homophobic theory
d) conflict theor

Answer 12

a) queer theory

Question 13

Which aspect of homosexuality are sociologists most interested in?

a) genetic markers of homosexuality
b) biological debates surrounding the evolution of homosexuality
c) the wide variety of ways it is expressed, repressed, and constructed
d) the various lifestyle arguments about how homosexuality is expressed

Answer 13

c) the wide variety of ways it is expressed, repressed, and constructed

Question 14

According to the text, which of the following is indicated by adolescents’ widespread use of such phrases as “That’s gay”?

a) Most teens are indifferent to homosexuality.
b) Heterosexuality is believed to be superior to homosexuality.
c) Most teens don’t know what homosexuality is.
d) Talking about homosexuality establishes group boundaries.

Answer 14

b) Heterosexuality is believed to be superior to homosexuality.

Question 15

According to your text, what are three dimensions of sexuality?

a) identity, desire, and behaviour
b) gender, identity, and experience
c) beliefs, culture, and identity
d) orientation, family, and attractions

Answer 15

a) identity, desire, and behaviour

Question 16

What is a company engaging in when it rewards women and men differently for the same work?

a) gender roles
b) occupational sex segregation
c) gender discrimination
d) gender earnings ratio maintenance

Answer 16

c) gender discrimination

Question 17

Which term is used when women are more represented in lower-paying service occupations, clerical work, and teaching professions, and less represented in business, management, and higher-paying manual jobs?

a) glass ceiling
b) gender discrimination
c) reverse discrimination
d) occupational sex segregation

Answer 17

d) occupational sex segregation

Question 18

What is the most likely outcome of heavy domestic responsibilities?

a) They reduce women’s earnings.
b) They challenge women’s gender ideologies.
c) They reduce men’s human capital.
d) They increase women’s social capital.

Answer 18

a) They reduce women’s earnings.

Question 19

When women select programs in high school and afterward, what tends to be the outcome related to the gender wage gap?

a) higher job satisfaction
b) entry into science and mathematics fields
c) devaluation of women’s work
d) jobs in low-wage occupations and industries

Answer 19

d) jobs in low-wage occupations and industries

Question 20

A female boss propositions a male subordinate for sexual favours and promises that “if he is nice to her,” she will ensure that the next promotion opportunity in the office will be his. What kind of workplace harassment best identifies this man’s experience?

a) quid pro quo
b) sexual promotion
c) gender harassment
d) hostile environment

Answer 20

a) quid pro quo

Question 21

What are the main motives behind sexual assault?

a) quid pro quo sexual harassment
b) satisfaction of strong sexual urges
c) domination and humiliation
d) psychological disorders

Answer 21

c) domination and humiliation

Question 22

According to the text, who of the following would be at greatest risk of experiencing workplace harassment?

a) Naima, an 18-year-old in her first job as a dispatcher and sole female employee for a trucking company
b) Jacqueline, a 32-year-old mother of two, whose husband does not agree with her working outside the home
c) Jamila, a former Miss Canada winner and grandmother of five, working part-time at a variety store
d) Channa, working at an upscale eatery as a hostess

Answer 22

a) Naima, an 18-year-old in her first job as a dispatcher and sole female employee for a trucking company

Question 23

The text notes that women are physically safest in Western Europe, and least safe in northern and eastern Africa, the Middle East, and much of south Asia. What do sociologists call this issue of the safety of women?

a) sex safety
b) gender risk
c) identity politics
d) diversity hazard

Answer 23

b) gender risk

Question 24

Tesfaye is writing a paper for his Sociology of Gender class about women’s safety in different parts of the world. What relationship does he find between economic development and women’s safety, and why?

a) Gender risk decreases as economic development increases because women attain independence and power.
b) Gender risk remains the same regardless of a nation’s economic development because cultural norms are more important to women’s safety than the economy.
c) Gender risk decreases as economic development decreases because a poor economy results in more traditional family arrangements, which is known to be safest for women.
d) Gender risk increases as economic development decreases because more women are forced out of the home to work, thereby increasing their independence and safety

Answer 24

a) Gender risk decreases as economic development increases because women attain independence and power.

Question 25

In a recent newspaper article, The National Council of Welfare praised which province’s child-care system and called it “a pioneering approach to family supports in North America”?

a) British Columbia
b) Alberta
c) Québec
d) Ontario

Answer 25

c) Québec

Question 26

Which term describes men and women receiving equal pay for work of equal value, with jobs being evaluated on the basis of required education, work experience, level of responsibility, amount of stress, and working conditions?

a) stress pay
b) pay equity
c) fair work compensation
d) workplace equality

Answer 26

b) pay equity

Question 27

What inspired the “second wave” of the feminist movement that emerged in the mid-1960s?

a) resource mobilization theory
b) the writings of Margaret Atwood
c) the U.S. civil rights movement
d) collective behaviour theory

Answer 27

c) the U.S. civil rights movement

Question 28

When were all legal impediments to voting removed for First Nations women?

a) 1916
b) 1940
c) 1951
d) 1985

Answer 28

d) 1985

Question 29

What was one of the most significant achievements of the “first wave” of the women’s movement?

a) the right for women to vote
b) the right for women to enter professional schools
c) the right to own property
d) equal pay for work of equal value

Answer 29

a) the right for women to vote

Question 30

According to your text, third-wave feminism is characterized by the inclusion of which group(s) of women?

a) women of low socioeconomic status
b) professional women
c) radical feminists
d) minority and marginalized women

Answer 30

d) minority and marginalized women