Chp 5 Practice Q's

Question 1

According to your text, crime is considered the breaking of what kind of rules?

a) folkways
b) normative rules
c) laws
d) mores

Answer 1

c) laws

Question 2

Nelson Mandela served 27 years in prison on charges of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government, but today he is hailed as a hero. This suggests that the social definition of which of the following has changed over time?

a) ethnicity
b) social justice
c) prison time served
d) deviance or crime

Answer 2

d) deviance or crime

Question 3

Which of the following includes actions such as raised eyebrows, harsh stares, corrective nudges, gossiping, and shaming?

a) mores
b) non-effective sanctions
c) symbols of moral panic
d) informal punishments

Answer 3

d) informal punishments

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be considered a type of victimless crime?

a) illegal drug use
b) pickpocketing
c) public drunkenness
d) illegal gambling

Answer 4

b) pickpocketing

Question 5

According to the text, what can we conclude about official crime statistics?

a) They underestimate the actual amount of crime.
b) They are generally unsubstantiated numbers.
c) They overestimate the actual amount of crime.
d) They are an accurate reflection of crime.

Answer 5

a) They underestimate the actual amount of crime.

Question 6

Whether an act is considered deviant or criminal depends not only on the perceived harmfulness of the act, but also on which of the following?

a) the degree of police surveillance
b) the degree of public agreement that the act is deviant
c) whether the act was committed by a person of the upper class
d) the sophistication of the technology employed to commit the act

Answer 6

b) the degree of public agreement that the act is deviant

Question 7

When did the UCR start collecting data on cybercrime in Canada?

a) 1993
b) 1998
c) 2004
d) 2009

Answer 7

c) 2004

Question 8

Where is the overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples particularly evident in Canadian prisons?

a) Québec
b) Eastern Provinces
c) British Columbia
d) Prairie Provinces

Answer 8

d) Prairie Provinces

Question 9

Sukhi is reading an article on the higher rates of incarceration of Indigenous individuals in Canada. Which of the following is NOT likely to be included in the discussion of the overrepresentation of Indigenous people in Canada’s prisons?

a) poverty
b) age
c) discrimination
d) rural culture

Answer 9

d) rural culture

Question 10

According to the text, what has been the result of increased gender equality?

a) higher rates of men as victims of crime
b) higher rates of women as victims of crime
c) higher rates of male offenders
d) higher rates of female offenders

Answer 10

d) higher rates of female offenders

Question 11

Those who argue that the criminal justice system is disproportionately controlled by the rich and powerful are operating from which perspective?

a) functionalist perspective
b) conflict perspective
c) relativist perspective
d) functionalist perspective

Answer 11

b) conflict perspective

Question 12

According to conflict theorists, what is the determining factor in the definitions of crime and deviance and the distribution of punishment?

a) the access to power
b) the pace of social change
c) the social controls in place
d) the strength of religion as a constraining force

Answer 12

a) the access to power

Question 13

hich theory explains that, if we could get away with it, we would engage in deviance and criminal activity to gain rewards, but refrain from doing so because of preventative measures?

a) strain theory
b) differential association theory
c) control theory
d) labelling theory

Answer 13

c) control theory

Question 14

According to Becker’s study of marijuana use, what is the most important factor in learning deviant behaviour?

a) lack of morality
b) socialization
c) opportunity
d) motivation

Answer 14

b) socialization

Question 15

In 2003, former British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell pled guilty to driving with almost twice the legal limit of alcohol in his system when he was charged in Hawaii. Despite this conviction, Campbell did not have to step down as Premier, even though Canadian laws state that a person convicted of a criminal offence may not hold political office. What does this story demonstrate?

a) It demonstrates that people who commit crimes are labelled as criminals.
b) It demonstrates that people who commit serious crimes, such as murder, are labelled as criminals but people who commit less serious crimes are not.
c) It demonstrates that Campbell is not a criminal.
d) It demonstrates that social status plays a significant role in whether the label of criminal is applied.

Answer 15

d) It demonstrates that social status plays a significant role in whether the label of criminal is applied.

Question 16

Jeremy’s gang wanted him to help rob a variety store. However, Jeremy refused and left the gang. Jeremy’s parents had worked hard all their lives to afford him opportunities for his future, and if he participated in the robbery and got caught, he would never be able to face his parents again. According to the text, what is the basis of this deterrence to crime?

a) control theory
b) activity theory
c) strain theory
d) differential association theory

Answer 16

a) control theory

Question 17

Howard Becker wrote that “[D]eviance is not a quality of the act a person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an ‘offender’.” What was Becker referring to in this observation?

a) the importance of socialization
b) the impact of deviant peers and parents
c) the repercussions of culture conflict
d) the power of labelling

Answer 17

d) the power of labelling

Question 18

Which statement best describes Canada’s incarceration rate?

a) It is higher than the worldwide average.
b) It is lower than the worldwide average.
c) It is as high as the rate in the United States.
d) It is the same as in all industrialized countries.

Answer 18

b) It is lower than the worldwide average.

Question 19

Although many Canadian politicians speak of a “get tough on crime” approach, what was the goal of imprisonment in Canada for a long time?

a) rehabilitation
b) deterrence
c) revenge
d) incapacitation

Answer 19

a) rehabilitation

Question 20

What is hyperactivity and inattentiveness in school resulting from ADD a controversial example of?

a) control theory
b) labelling theory
c) surveillance reaction
d) medicalization of deviance

Answer 20

d) medicalization of deviance

Question 21

In 2018, the Gambling Commission released a report on the numbers of young people who participate in different types of gambling. Articles in the newspapers were headlined with terms such as “Generational scandal” and “Child gambler epidemic.” Those who read the report discovered that of the “450,000 teens who have gambled in the past week,” the gambling consisted mainly of playing cards for money with their friends or buying a scratch lottery ticket. What was the mass media guilty of?

a) redefining gambling and deviance
b) medicalizing deviant behaviour
c) accurate reporting
d) trying to create a moral panic

Answer 21

d) trying to create a moral panic

Question 22

Tim’s new friend, Jack, was a member of a local street gang. One Saturday evening, the two of them stayed out until 3:00 a.m. Tim’s parents, envisioning him joining the gang and being a participant in robberies and homicides, grounded him for the rest of the school year and sent him to work on his uncle’s farm for the summer months. Which of the following could be used to explain Tim’s harsh punishment for staying out late?

a) over-protection theory
b) differential association theory
c) tough-on-crime policy
d) moral panic

Answer 22

d) moral panic

Question 23

Beginning in the 1980s, some journalists and politicians expressed concern that role-playing games, especially Dungeons and Dragons, promoted Satanism, witchcraft, and murder. When considering the evidence, what would most sociologists conclude about the concern over role-playing games?

a) It is an example of a moral panic.
b) It is an example of media control of youth.
c) It is an example of surveillance and control.
d) It is an example of labelling.

Answer 23

a) It is an example of a moral panic.

Question 24

In 2001, which country decriminalized the use or possession of all drugs?

a) Portugal
b) Spain
c) Australia
d) Sweden

Answer 24

a) Portugal

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an alternative to incarceration?

a) rehabilitation
b) decriminalization
c) diversion
d) recidivism

Answer 25

d) recidivism

..meaning person’s relapse into criminal behavior..

Question 26

Which term refers to the percentage of convicted offenders who commit another crime?

a) reoffender rate
b) recidivism rate
c) rehabilitation rate
d) restorative rate

Answer 26

b) recidivism rate

Question 27

Jason believes that prisons do a poor job of rehabilitating prisoners. What would he argue to support his position?

a) Crime rates remain high.
b) Recidivism rates are high.
c) Recidivism rates are low.
d) Crime rates are increasing.

Answer 27

b) Recidivism rates are high.

Question 28

Seventeen-year-old Harpreet stole $250 worth of goods from a local department store and is now involved in a community program as an alternative to formal punishment. The program emphasizes remorse and reconciliation, and he must issue an apology to the department store’s manager. What is Harpreet’s experience an example of?

a) rehabilitation
b) restorative justice
c) youth justice measures
d) recidivism alternatives

Answer 28

b) restorative justice

Question 29

Deon believes the justice system should lessen its focus on the distribution of retribution and revenge and aim at preventing and controlling crime through more nonpunitive strategies. What viewpoint has Deon adopted?

a) restorative justice perspective
b) due process perspective
c) power-control perspective
d) legalization perspective

Answer 29

a) restorative justice perspective