Chp 4 Practice Q's

Question 1

Which term refers to the process of people communicating face to face, acting and reacting to others in response to each other’s behaviour?

a) network building
b) civil attention
c) social relationship
d) social interaction

Answer 1

d) social interaction

Question 2

What occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person in a single status?

a) role distancing
b) role strain
c) status conflict
d) back-stage performance

Answer 2

b) role strain

Question 3

According to the text, what must “status subordinates” typically do with their emotions?

a) become immersed in them
b) display them
c) control them
d) ignore them

Answer 3

c) control them

Question 4

Which term refers to the component of occupation whereby an employee is hired to create happiness and orderliness among clientele?

a) detachment
b) emotional labour
c) investment in people skills
d) a social service personality

Answer 4

b) emotional labour

Question 5

According to Charles Derber’s research, what do people engage in when they have a conversation?

a) competition for control
b) command and control
c) dramaturgical struggle
d) competition for attention

Answer 5

d) competition for attention

Question 6

Which perspective argues that a greater inequality of payoffs to interacting parties will lead to a greater chance that there will be a breakdown in interaction?

a) exchange theory
b) dramaturgical analysis
c) symbolic interactionism
d) conflict theory

Answer 6

d) conflict theory

Question 7

Who first developed the approach known as “dramaturgical analysis”?

a) George Herbert Mead
b) Mark Granovetter
c) Charles Horton Cooley
d) Erving Goffman

Answer 7

d) Erving Goffman

Question 8

Which of the following is the basis of altruistic or heroic behaviour?

a) learned benevolence
b) learned rules of law
c) learned understanding
d) learned norms

Answer 8

d) learned norms

Question 9

Which drivers are most likely to be stopped by police in Toronto?

a) black males
b) black females
c) Hispanic males
d) white and Asian females

Answer 9

a) black males

Question 10

What does symbolic interactionism identify as the basis of social interaction?

a) constant negotiation of roles, statuses, and norms
b) individual psychological mindsets
c) cultural scripts that were learned during childhood
d) interpretive belief structures

Answer 10

a) constant negotiation of roles, statuses, and norms

Question 11

Shanice attended church every Sunday with her parents and enjoyed singing in the choir and teaching a Sunday school class of five-year-olds. When her high school friends found out and began asking questions about her religious involvement, she told them that her parents expected her to do these activities. What was Shanice engaging in?

a) role distancing
b) impression management
c) dramaturgical analysis
d) role-playing

Answer 11

a) role distancing

Question 12

When you first come into contact with someone, you try to get information that will help you understand both the situation and the person. In this type of encounter, what should be your focus?

a) status cues
b) symbolic interactions
c) personal zones
d) social organization

Answer 12

a) status cues

Question 13

According to your text, which statement best explains the ability of humans to perpetrate atrocities against their own kind?

a) We are biologically predisposed to violence.
b) It is the nature of groups and bureaucracies.
c) Group hatred is an empirical and historical fact.
d) Humans are animals by nature.

Answer 13

b) It is the nature of groups and bureaucracies.

Question 14

Which statement is supported by results from Milgram’s experiment?

a) People will not harm others unless provoked.
b) A person will limit harming another when he or she can see the other’s distress.
c) Authority structures must be long-established and legitimate to ensure obedience.
d) Separating people from the negative effects of their actions increases the likelihood of their compliance.

Answer 14

d) Separating people from the negative effects of their actions increases the likelihood of their compliance.

Question 15

During the Vietnam War, American soldiers massacred 504 unarmed civilians in a village called My Lai. According to your text, what dynamic helps explain the cause of this calamity?

a) the boot camp effect
b) kill or be killed instinct
c) innovative cruelty
d) norms of solidarity

Answer 15

d) norms of solidarity

Question 16

How do people tend to react to structures of authority?

a) They become obedient.
b) They become aggressive.
c) They become empathetic.
d) They become passive-aggressive.

Answer 16

a) They become obedient.

Question 17

The Southpark Runners are a network of people who gather once a month to participate in races. They also routinely see each other on weekends, and they hold an annual party where they give out awards to top competitors. According to your text, what kind of group is this?

a) a running club
b) a social group
c) a primary group
d) a social category

Answer 17

b) a social group

Question 18

Next week, there is a meeting for people who are planning to sell their houses. Which of the following is this a meeting for?

a) a social category
b) a social group
c) a social organization
d) a social network

Answer 18

a) a social category

Question 19

Which statement best reflects Max Weber’s perspective of bureaucracies?

a) They are the least efficient type of secondary group.
b) They are the most efficient type of secondary group.
c) They are a force destructive to social solidarity.
d) They contribute to social solidarity.

Answer 19

b) They are the most efficient type of secondary group.

Question 20

According to Ferdinand Tönnies, what did a “society” consist of?

a) intimate and emotionally intense ties
b) relationships connected by self-interest
c) a community of extended families
d) rural local and small villages

Answer 20

b) relationships connected by self-interest

Question 21

Sydney has just graduated university and is finding the job hunt very frustrating. According to Mark Granovetter, who of the following is most likely to help her attain employment?

a) Sydney’s brother
b) Sydney’s mother
c) Sydney’s best friend
d) a friend of Sydney’s best friend

Answer 21

d) a friend of Sydney’s best friend

Question 22

There are periodic news reports of someone being the victim of a horrible crime and, despite scores of people witnessing the event, the police were not called. Which term describes the non-action behaviour of the witnesses?

a) bystander effect
b) bystander apathy
c) intervention hesitation
d) societal reality

Answer 22

b) bystander apathy

Question 23

Ahmed lives in a small town and dreams of becoming a jazz musician; however, he has no one to “jam” with. Yet he collects records, reads jazz history, and idolizes jazz innovator Miles Davis. What does this distant jazz community represent for Ahmed?

a) reference group
b) primary group
c) ideal group
d) secondary group

Answer 23

a) reference group

Question 24

To which of the following does the statement “Secondary groups designed to achieve specific and explicit objectives” refer?
a) primary groups
b) social networks
c) reference categories
d) formal organizations

Answer 24

d) formal organizations

Question 25

Which term refers to the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members may privately believe to be unwise?

a) group dynamics
b) decisional harassment
c) situational decision making
d) groupthink

Answer 25

d) groupthink

Question 26

Which term refers to the impersonal organizations composed of a great many people occupying hierarchically arranged and precisely defined positions?

a) a social group
b) a social arrangement
c) a collective
d) a bureaucracy

Answer 26

d) a bureaucracy

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a reason why large bureaucratic organizations are sometimes unable to compete against smaller, innovative firms?

a) They are less likely to employ the latest technological innovations.
b) They are very hierarchical.
c) Their lines of communication only flow upward.
d) They have multiple levels of authority.

Answer 27

a) They are less likely to employ the latest technological innovations.

Question 28

When Weber compared traditional and charismatic organizations to bureaucracies, what did he find?

a) Traditional organizations were as efficient as bureaucracies.
b) Bureaucracies were less efficient than traditional and charismatic organizations.
c) Bureaucracies were more efficient than traditional and charismatic organizations.
d) Traditional organizations were less efficient than bureaucracies but more efficient than charismatic organizations.

Answer 28

c) Bureaucracies were more efficient than traditional and charismatic organizations.

Question 29

What are two of the main factors that underlie bureaucratic inefficiency?

a) size and structure
b) leadership and structure
c) age and leadership
d) structure and age

Answer 29

a) size and structure

Question 30

When discussing the organization models of Swedish and Japanese automobile industries, what does the text point out?

a) the improvement in product quality, worker morale, and profitability
b) the failure of the “teamwork approach” in the companies
c) the need for more middle-management employees
d) the expansion in the number of organizational levels

Answer 30

a) the improvement in product quality, worker morale, and profitability