WW1 Flashcards
What was the significance of the Battle of the Marne (1914)?
Stopped the German advance into France and began trench warfare
The Battle of the Marne was a turning point that prevented the Germans from capturing Paris.
What did the First Battle of Ypres (1914) mark the start of?
Sustained trench warfare
This battle was crucial in the fight for control of Ypres in Belgium.
What was notable about the Second Battle of Ypres (1915)?
First large-scale use of chemical weapons (chlorine gas) by the Germans
This battle marked a significant escalation in the brutality of warfare.
How long did the Battle of Verdun (1916) last?
10 months
It was one of the longest and bloodiest battles in history.
What was the aim of the Battle of the Somme (1916)?
Aimed at relieving pressure on Verdun
It became infamous for the high number of casualties, particularly on the first day.
What does the Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) symbolize?
The futility of trench warfare
The battle was characterized by brutal fighting in muddy conditions.
What was significant about the Battle of Cambrai (1917)?
First large-scale use of tanks by the British
This battle demonstrated the potential of tanks in breaking through trench lines.
What was the purpose of the Spring Offensive (1918)?
Aimed at breaking the stalemate before American forces could fully arrive
This series of German offensives was crucial to their strategy.
What was the outcome of the Second Battle of the Marne (1918)?
Decisive Allied victory that marked the turning point of the war
It halted the German advance effectively.
What was the Hundred Days Offensive (1918)?
A series of Allied offensives that pushed German forces back
This led to the Armistice.
What was the significance of the Battle of Tannenberg (1914)?
Major German victory against Russia, destroying the Russian Second Army
This battle was pivotal on the Eastern Front.
What happened during the Battle of the Masurian Lakes (1914-1915)?
Another German victory, driving Russian forces out of East Prussia
This battle further demonstrated German superiority on the Eastern Front.
What was the Brusilov Offensive (1916)?
A highly successful Russian attack that inflicted massive losses on Austria-Hungary
It was one of the most effective offensives of the war.
What occurred during the Battle of Caporetto (1917)?
A devastating defeat for Italy as Austro-Hungarian and German forces broke through their lines
This battle had significant consequences for Italy’s war effort.
What did the Battle of Vittorio Veneto (1918) mark?
Final Italian victory and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
This battle was crucial in ending the war on the Italian Front.
What was the objective of the Battle of Gallipoli (1915-1916)?
An Allied attempt to secure the Dardanelles
This campaign resulted in heavy losses and eventual withdrawal.
What occurred during the Siege of Kut (1915-1916)?
A British force was surrounded and surrendered to the Ottomans in Mesopotamia
This was a significant defeat for the British in the Middle Eastern Front.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Megiddo (1918)?
Decisive victory by British-led forces in Palestine that shattered the Ottoman army
This battle was a turning point in the Middle Eastern Front.
What was the Battle of Jutland (1916)?
The largest naval battle of the war, fought between the British Royal Navy and the German High Seas Fleet
This battle was crucial in determining naval supremacy.
What characterized the East African Campaign (1914-1918)?
A prolonged guerrilla war in German East Africa
It involved British, Belgian, and Portuguese forces against German troops.
When was the Dual Alliance signed?
1879/10/07
The Dual Alliance was an agreement between Germany and Austria-Hungary.
What three countries were part of the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
The Triple Alliance was signed on 1882/05/20.
What significant event occurred on 4 January 1894?
Franco-Russian Alliance finalized
This alliance was crucial for opposing the Triple Alliance.
What was the First Hague Conference?
Held on 1899/05/18
It aimed to promote peace and disarmament.
What was the Boxer Protocol?
Signed on 1901/09/07
It concluded the Boxer Rebellion in China.
What was the significance of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance signed in 1902?
Strengthened military cooperation between Britain and Japan
This alliance was aimed at countering Russian expansion.
What event is referred to as ‘Bloody Sunday’?
Occurred in St. Petersburg during the Revolution of 1905
It involved the massacre of peaceful protesters.
What triggered the First Moroccan Crisis?
Wilhelm II of Germany’s visit to Tangier, Morocco
This event occurred in 1905.
When did Austria-Hungary announce the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina?
During the Bosnian Crisis
This event increased tensions in the Balkans.
What was the July Crisis of 1914?
A series of diplomatic and military escalations leading to WWI
It began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
What was the significance of the Sarajevo Incident?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie
This event is often cited as the spark that ignited World War I.
What was Germany’s ‘blank cheque’ to Austria-Hungary?
Germany’s unconditional support for Austria-Hungary
This support was given during the July Crisis.
True or False: Great Britain declared war on Germany after the invasion of Belgium.
True
The invasion of Belgium violated international treaties.
What was the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA)?
Passed to ensure national security during WWI
It allowed the British government to control various aspects of life.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Tannenberg?
A significant victory for Germany on the Eastern Front
It occurred in August 1914.
What was the significance of the ‘Manifesto of the Ninety-Three’?
Published in Germany to support the war effort
It expressed national unity and patriotism.
Fill in the blank: The Battle of _______ was notable for the first use of poison gas by the German army.
Ypres
This battle occurred in 1915.
What was the Sussex Pledge?
A promise by Germany to limit submarine warfare
It was issued after the sinking of the Sussex ship.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace treaty that officially ended WWI
It was signed in 1919 and imposed heavy reparations on Germany.
What did Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points advocate for?
A framework for peace and preventing future wars
It emphasized self-determination and the League of Nations.
What event marked the beginning of the Russian Civil War?
The October Revolution
This revolution led to the Bolsheviks seizing power.
When did the United States declare war on Germany?
In April 1917
This was a pivotal moment that shifted the balance of the war.
What was the significance of the Armistice of Mudros?
It ended hostilities between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies
Signed in October 1918, it marked the end of the war in the Middle East.
What was the Balfour Declaration?
A statement expressing British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Issued in 1917, it had significant implications for the region.
What was the outcome of the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
It ended Russia’s participation in WWI
Signed in March 1918, it ceded large territories to Germany.
What is the significance of the Cēsis Battle?
It was part of the Independence Wars of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.
The battle was crucial for the independence movements in the Baltic states.
Who signed the Treaty of Versailles?
German foreign minister Hermann Müller.
This treaty officially ended World War I for Germany.
What happened after the Allied blockade against Germany was lifted?
The blockade was lifted, allowing Germany to resume trade.
This was a significant step in post-war recovery.
What treaties were signed as part of the post-war agreements?
- Treaty of St. Germain
- Treaty of Neuilly
- Treaty of Trianon
- Treaty of Sèvres
- Treaty of Lausanne
These treaties addressed various territorial and political issues following World War I.
What event is referred to as the Nikolaevsk Massacre?
A violent incident during the Russian Civil War involving the killing of civilians.
It highlighted the brutalities of the conflict.
What was the timeframe of the Polish-Soviet War?
1920-1921.
This conflict involved Poland and Soviet Russia over territorial disputes.
What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
To promote peace and cooperation among countries.
It was established after World War I as part of the Treaty of Versailles.
What is the Government of Ireland Act?
An act signed to provide for Irish Home Rule.
This was a significant step towards self-governance for Ireland.
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Riga?
It ended the Polish-Soviet War and defined borders.
This treaty was crucial for Polish and Baltic state relations.
What was the Leipzig War Crime Trials?
Trials held to prosecute war crimes committed during World War I.
They were among the first significant post-war trials.
What countries were involved in the Four-Power Pact?
- France
- Great Britain
- Japan
- United States of America
This pact aimed to ensure peace in the Pacific region.
What is ‘Die letzten Tage der Menschheit’ about?
A play by Karl Kraus depicting the horrors of World War I.
It critiques the war and its societal impacts.
What is the significance of ‘All Quiet on the Western Front’?
A novel by Erich Maria Remarque that portrays the grim realities of World War I.
It is considered a classic anti-war literature.
What does ‘The Forty Days of Musa Dagh’ address?
The Armenian Genocide.
The novel tells the story of Armenians resisting deportation during World War I.
What year did World War 1 begin?
1914
What was the name of the battle that is considered the first major battle of World War 1?
The Battle of the Marne
True or False: The Battle of Verdun was fought in 1916.
True
Fill in the blank: The Battle of the Somme took place in the year _____ and was one of the largest battles of World War 1.
1916
What was the primary objective of the Gallipoli Campaign?
To secure a sea route to Russia and capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople.
Which battle is known for having the highest number of casualties in a single day?
The Battle of the Somme
In which battle did the Germans first use poison gas?
The Second Battle of Ypres
What was the outcome of the Battle of Tannenberg?
A decisive German victory over Russian forces.
Multiple Choice: Which battle is associated with trench warfare and stalemate?
A) The Battle of Verdun B) The Battle of Waterloo C) The Battle of Hastings D) The Battle of Agincourt
What was the main reason for the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign?
Poor planning and underestimating the Ottoman defenses.
True or False: The Battle of Passchendaele is also known as the Third Battle of Ypres.
True
Which two countries were primarily involved in the Battle of Verdun?
France and Germany
Fill in the blank: The Battle of _____ was characterized by extensive use of tanks for the first time.
Cambrai
What was the significance of the Battle of Amiens in 1918?
It marked the beginning of the Hundred Days Offensive and a turning point in the war.
What was the primary tactic used in the trench warfare of World War 1?
Defensive positioning and attrition warfare.
Multiple Choice: Which battle is known for the phrase ‘they shall not pass’?
A) The Battle of Verdun B) The Battle of the Marne C) The Battle of the Somme D) The Battle of Gallipoli
Who was the commander of the German forces at the Battle of Tannenberg?
General Paul von Hindenburg
True or False: The Battle of Jutland was a land battle.
False
What was the main feature of the Battle of the Somme?
The use of a massive artillery bombardment followed by infantry assaults.
Fill in the blank: The _____ Offensive was launched by the Allies in March 1918.
Spring
What was the outcome of the Battle of Gallipoli?
An allied withdrawal and a victory for the Ottoman Empire.
Which battle is often referred to as the bloodiest battle in history?
The Battle of Verdun
What was the main goal of the German Spring Offensive in 1918?
To achieve a decisive victory before American forces could arrive in large numbers.
Multiple Choice: In which battle did the British forces launch a surprise attack on German lines in 1917?
A) The Battle of Passchendaele B) The Battle of Verdun C) The Battle of the Somme D) The Battle of Jutland
Who was the British commander at the Battle of the Somme?
General Sir Douglas Haig
True or False: General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War 1.
True
Fill in the blank: The German General known for his use of ‘Blitzkrieg’ tactics during World War 1 was __________.
Erich Ludendorff
Which country did General Ferdinand Foch represent as a commander?
France
What year did World War 1 begin?
1914
Who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire during World War 1?
Enver Pasha
Multiple choice: Which of the following generals was known for his involvement in the Gallipoli Campaign? A) General Haig B) General Allenby C) General Ian Hamilton D) General Pershing
C) General Ian Hamilton
What was the main role of General Erich von Falkenhayn during World War 1?
He was the Chief of the German General Staff.
True or False: General William Robertson served as the Chief of the Imperial General Staff for the British Army.
True
Fill in the blank: The French general who led the successful counter-offensive at the Second Battle of the Marne was __________.
General Ferdinand Foch
Which general is known for the phrase ‘over the top’ in relation to trench warfare?
General Sir Douglas Haig
What was the objective of the Schlieffen Plan?
To quickly defeat France and then turn to fight Russia.
Multiple choice: Who was the Italian commander during World War 1? A) General Cadorna B) General Foch C) General Pershing D) General Ludendorff
A) General Cadorna
Which battle is associated with General John Monash?
The Battle of Hamel
True or False: General Hermann von Stein was a prominent leader in the Russian Army during World War 1.
False
Fill in the blank: The American General who emphasized the importance of mobility and combined arms was __________.
General John J. Pershing
What position did General Paul von Hindenburg hold during the war?
He was the Chief of the German General Staff alongside Ludendorff.
Multiple choice: Which leader was known for the ‘March on Rome’ after World War 1? A) Mussolini B) Lenin C) Clemenceau D) Wilson
A) Mussolini
Who was the commander of the British forces at the Battle of Gallipoli?
General Sir Ian Hamilton
True or False: General Joffre was the commander of the French forces at the start of World War 1.
True
Fill in the blank: The leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia during World War 1 was __________.
Vladimir Lenin
What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles for military leaders?
It marked the end of World War 1 and imposed heavy restrictions on Germany.
Multiple choice: Which general is credited with the tactic of ‘creeping barrage’? A) Haig B) Foch C) Monash D) Pershing
C) Monash
What was the role of Lloyd George during World War 1?
He was the British Prime Minister.
Who was the last commander of the Imperial German Army?
General Wilhelm Groener
Who was the British commander at the Battle of the Somme?
General Sir Douglas Haig
True or False: General John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War 1.
True
Fill in the blank: The German General known for his use of ‘Blitzkrieg’ tactics during World War 1 was __________.
Erich Ludendorff
Which country did General Ferdinand Foch represent as a commander?
France
What year did World War 1 begin?
1914
Who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire during World War 1?
Enver Pasha
Multiple choice: Which of the following generals was known for his involvement in the Gallipoli Campaign? A) General Haig B) General Allenby C) General Ian Hamilton D) General Pershing
C) General Ian Hamilton
What was the main role of General Erich von Falkenhayn during World War 1?
He was the Chief of the German General Staff.
True or False: General William Robertson served as the Chief of the Imperial General Staff for the British Army.
True
Fill in the blank: The French general who led the successful counter-offensive at the Second Battle of the Marne was __________.
General Ferdinand Foch
Which general is known for the phrase ‘over the top’ in relation to trench warfare?
General Sir Douglas Haig
What was the objective of the Schlieffen Plan?
To quickly defeat France and then turn to fight Russia.
Multiple choice: Who was the Italian commander during World War 1? A) General Cadorna B) General Foch C) General Pershing D) General Ludendorff
A) General Cadorna
Which battle is associated with General John Monash?
The Battle of Hamel
True or False: General Hermann von Stein was a prominent leader in the Russian Army during World War 1.
False
Fill in the blank: The American General who emphasized the importance of mobility and combined arms was __________.
General John J. Pershing
What position did General Paul von Hindenburg hold during the war?
He was the Chief of the German General Staff alongside Ludendorff.
Multiple choice: Which leader was known for the ‘March on Rome’ after World War 1? A) Mussolini B) Lenin C) Clemenceau D) Wilson
A) Mussolini
Who was the commander of the British forces at the Battle of Gallipoli?
General Sir Ian Hamilton
True or False: General Joffre was the commander of the French forces at the start of World War 1.
True
Fill in the blank: The leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia during World War 1 was __________.
Vladimir Lenin
What was the significance of the Treaty of Versailles for military leaders?
It marked the end of World War 1 and imposed heavy restrictions on Germany.
Multiple choice: Which general is credited with the tactic of ‘creeping barrage’? A) Haig B) Foch C) Monash D) Pershing
C) Monash
What was the role of Lloyd George during World War 1?
He was the British Prime Minister.
Who was the last commander of the Imperial German Army?
General Wilhelm Groener
