Portugal Flashcards
Who was the first King of Portugal?
Afonso I
In what year was Afonso I crowned?
1139
Who was the first Queen of Portugal?
Queen Teresa of León
What was the relationship between Afonso I and Queen Teresa?
She was his mother.
Which King of Portugal was known as ‘The Brave’?
Afonso III
What major event took place in 1143 regarding Portugal’s status?
Portugal was recognized as a kingdom.
True or False: King John I of Portugal was a member of the Aviz dynasty.
True
Who was the first monarch of the House of Aviz?
John I
Which Portuguese monarch initiated the Age of Discoveries?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Fill in the blank: The last King of Portugal was ______.
Manuel II
In what year did Manuel II abdicate?
1910
Which Queen was married to King John I?
Philippa of Lancaster
Who was known as ‘The Blessed’ in Portuguese history?
King Afonso VI
What significant battle did King Afonso Henriques win in 1139?
Battle of Ourique
True or False: King Pedro I was known for his love for Inês de Castro.
True
Which King was known as ‘The Reformer’?
King John II
Who was the Queen regnant during the Portuguese Restoration War?
Queen Maria I
Fill in the blank: ______ was the King of Portugal during the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
Joseph I
What was the main focus of King Manuel I’s reign?
Expansion of maritime exploration
Which Portuguese monarch was involved in the Iberian Union?
Philip I of Portugal
What year did the Portuguese monarchy officially end?
1910
True or False: Queen Catherine of Braganza was married to Charles II of England.
True
Which King of Portugal was known for his efforts to modernize the country?
King Louis I
Who succeeded King John IV?
King Afonso VI
Fill in the blank: King ______ was known for his role in the Portuguese Restoration.
John IV
What was the House of Braganza known for?
Being the last ruling dynasty of Portugal
True or False: King Afonso III was the first to use the title ‘King of Portugal’.
False
Which monarch was known as ‘The Good’?
King Afonso II
Who was the Queen of Portugal married to King Peter I?
Inês de Castro
Fill in the blank: The reign of King ______ is associated with the peak of the Portuguese Empire.
Manuel I
Which King of Portugal was known for his diplomatic relationship with England?
King John I
Who was the last Queen of Portugal?
Queen Maria II
What was the primary role of the Cortes in the Portuguese monarchy?
Advisory council to the king
Which monarch started the Portuguese Inquisition?
King Manuel I
Who was the Portuguese King during the Napoleonic Wars?
King John VI
True or False: The House of Avis was a branch of the House of Burgundy.
True
Which King was known for his exploration of the African coast?
Prince Henry the Navigator
Who was the Queen consort of King Afonso I?
Maud of Savoy
Fill in the blank: King ______ was known for the Treaty of Zamorra.
Afonso I
Which monarch’s reign saw the establishment of the Portuguese Empire in Brazil?
King John III
True or False: King Afonso VI was deposed in a coup.
True
Who was the last King before the establishment of the Portuguese Republic?
Manuel II
Fill in the blank: The reign of ______ marked the transition from medieval to modern Portugal.
John I
Which Queen ruled Portugal during the Liberal Wars?
Maria II
Who was the King of Portugal at the time of the 1910 revolution?
Manuel II
Fill in the blank: King ______ was known for his attempts to centralize power.
John II
Which monarch was known for his patronage of the arts and sciences?
King João V
True or False: King Afonso I was a staunch supporter of the Catholic Church.
True
Who was the first Portuguese monarch to visit Brazil?
King John VI
Fill in the blank: King ______ was known as the ‘Restorer’ of Portuguese independence.
John IV
Which Queen was known for her involvement in the Portuguese Restoration War?
Catherine of Braganza
Who was the first King of the House of Braganza?
John IV
Who is considered the most famous Portuguese explorer?
Vasco da Gama
What was Vasco da Gama’s significant achievement?
He was the first to sail directly from Europe to India.
What was the main goal of Prince Henry the Navigator?
To promote exploration and maritime trade.
Fill in the blank: The Treaty of _______ divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
Tordesillas
Which explorer is known for discovering Brazil?
Pedro Álvares Cabral
What year did Vasco da Gama first reach India?
1498
Multiple Choice: Which ocean did Vasco da Gama sail across to reach India? A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Pacific
B) Indian
Who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan
What was the main route explored by Vasco da Gama?
The sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope.
Fill in the blank: The city of _______ was the capital of the Portuguese Empire in the East.
Goa
Which Portuguese explorer is credited with discovering the Azores?
Diogo Silves
What was the primary motivation for Portuguese exploration during the Age of Discovery?
To find new trade routes and acquire spices.
Multiple Choice: What year did Cabral discover Brazil? A) 1500 B) 1492 C) 1510
A) 1500
Who was the first European to reach the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias
True or False: The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach Japan.
True
What was the name of the ship used by Vasco da Gama on his first voyage to India?
São Gabriel
Fill in the blank: The Portuguese established a fort at _______ in India.
Cochin
Which explorer is known for mapping the coast of Africa?
Henry the Navigator
What was the significance of the Caravel?
It was a highly maneuverable ship that facilitated exploration.
Multiple Choice: Who discovered the Spice Islands? A) Vasco da Gama B) Ferdinand Magellan C) Pedro Álvares Cabral
B) Ferdinand Magellan
What was the primary spice sought after by Portuguese explorers?
Black pepper
Fill in the blank: The Portuguese established trade posts in _______ and Africa.
India
Who was the first Portuguese governor of India?
Afonso de Albuquerque
What was the primary impact of Portuguese exploration on global trade?
It established new trade routes and networks.
Multiple Choice: Which ocean is named after a Portuguese explorer? A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Pacific
B) Indian
What role did the Portuguese play in the African slave trade?
They were among the first Europeans to engage in it.
Fill in the blank: The Portuguese explorer _______ is known for his exploration of the Pacific Ocean.
Ferdinand Magellan
What was the significance of the Age of Discovery for Portugal?
It marked the rise of Portugal as a global maritime power.
Who was the first European to reach the shores of India?
Vasco da Gama
What was the name of the first Portuguese settlement in India?
Goa
True or False: The Caravel was a type of warship used by the Portuguese.
True
Fill in the blank: The Portuguese explorer _______ was instrumental in the spice trade.
Afonso de Albuquerque
What was the major consequence of the Portuguese exploration in the Americas?
The establishment of Portuguese colonies in Brazil.
Who was the first European to reach the East Indies?
Vasco da Gama
Multiple Choice: Which explorer is famous for his journey to India and the Spice Islands? A) Vasco da Gama B) Pedro Álvares Cabral C) Ferdinand Magellan
C) Ferdinand Magellan
What was the main reason for the decline of Portuguese power in the 17th century?
Competition from other European powers.
Fill in the blank: The Portuguese established a colony in _______ in the 16th century.
Brazil
What were the main products traded by the Portuguese during their explorations?
Spices, gold, and sugar.
Who was the last Portuguese viceroy of India?
Francisco de Almeida
Who was the first President of Portugal?
Teófilo Braga
In what year did Portugal become a republic?
1910
Who was the Prime Minister of Portugal during World War II?
António de Oliveira Salazar
What is the term length for the President of Portugal?
Five years
Fill in the blank: The President of Portugal is elected by _____ vote.
popular
Who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 2015 to 2021?
António Costa
Which political party did Salazar belong to?
The National Union
What is the primary role of the Portuguese Prime Minister?
To lead the government and execute laws
Who succeeded Mário Soares as President of Portugal?
Jorge Sampaio
True or False: The President of Portugal can dissolve the Assembly of the Republic.
True
What significant event occurred in Portugal in 1974?
The Carnation Revolution
Who was the first female Prime Minister of Portugal?
There has not been a female Prime Minister in Portugal.
What is the name of the current President of Portugal as of 2023?
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Which Portuguese Prime Minister was known for economic reforms in the 1980s?
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
True or False: The President of Portugal can veto legislation.
True
What major political change did the 1976 Constitution bring to Portugal?
It established the democratic framework.
Who is the longest-serving Prime Minister in Portuguese history?
António de Oliveira Salazar
Fill in the blank: The President of Portugal is the _____ of the armed forces.
Commander-in-Chief
Which Prime Minister of Portugal was in office during the Eurozone crisis?
Pedro Passos Coelho
What political party is António Costa affiliated with?
Socialist Party
True or False: The President of Portugal is part of the legislative branch.
False
What is the primary legislative body in Portugal?
The Assembly of the Republic
Which President of Portugal served from 1996 to 2006?
Jorge Sampaio
Who was Prime Minister of Portugal during the transition to democracy?
Mário Soares
What is the minimum age to be elected President of Portugal?
35 years old
What civilization first established trading ports in ancient Portugal?
The Phoenicians.
What was Portugal called during the Roman Empire?
Lusitania.
When did the Moors invade the Iberian Peninsula, including Portugal?
711 AD.
Who is credited with founding the Kingdom of Portugal?
Afonso Henriques.
In what year did Portugal become an independent kingdom?
1139.
What was the name of the treaty that officially recognized Portugal’s independence from León?
Treaty of Zamora (1143).
What was the capital of Portugal before Lisbon?
Coimbra.
What is the name of the Portuguese Reconquista campaign to reclaim land from the Moors?
The Reconquista.
Which Portuguese king declared himself the first King of Portugal?
Afonso I (Afonso Henriques).
What was the final Portuguese city to be liberated from Moorish control in 1249?
Faro.
What period in history is Portugal most known for?
The Age of Exploration.
Who was the Portuguese prince who sponsored many explorations?
Prince Henry the Navigator.
Who was the first Portuguese explorer to sail around the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias.
Which explorer reached India in 1498, establishing a sea route from Europe?
Vasco da Gama.
What treaty divided the world between Portugal and Spain in 1494?
The Treaty of Tordesillas.
Which Portuguese explorer discovered Brazil in 1500?
Pedro Álvares Cabral.
What was the name of the Portuguese trading post in India established in 1510?
Goa.
What was the Portuguese name for their trading base in China?
Macau.
What type of ship was developed by the Portuguese during the Age of Exploration?
The caravel.
What was the name of the global empire Portugal established during the 15th and 16th centuries?
The Portuguese Empire.
Which dynasty ruled Portugal during the Age of Exploration?
The House of Aviz.
What year marked the beginning of the Iberian Union, when Spain and Portugal were united?
1580.
Who was the Spanish king who also ruled Portugal during the Iberian Union?
Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal).
What year did Portugal regain independence from Spain?
1640.
What was the name of the Portuguese king who declared independence from Spain in 1640?
King João IV.
What treaty ended the Iberian Union and solidified Portuguese independence in 1668?
Treaty of Lisbon.
What major earthquake devastated Lisbon in 1755?
The Great Lisbon Earthquake.
Who was the prime minister responsible for rebuilding Lisbon after the earthquake?
Marquis of Pombal (Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo).
What year did Napoleon’s troops invade Portugal?
1807.
Where did the Portuguese royal family flee to during the Napoleonic invasions?
Brazil.
In what year was the monarchy abolished in Portugal?
1910.
What is the name of the first Portuguese Republic?
The First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926).
Who was António de Oliveira Salazar?
Portugal’s dictator who led the Estado Novo regime.
What type of government did the Estado Novo regime implement?
Authoritarian regime.
Who was the first King of Portugal?
Afonso I (Afonso Henriques)
Declared independence from León in 1139.
What significant battle did João I secure independence from Castile?
Battle of Aljubarrota (1385)
This battle established the Avis dynasty.
What major exploration event did Manuel I oversee?
Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India
Also included Pedro Álvares Cabral’s discovery of Brazil.
What religious institution did João III introduce to Portugal?
The Inquisition
Introduced in 1536.
What was Sebastião I known for regarding military ambition?
Leading a crusade against the Moors
Known for launching the ill-fated Moroccan campaign.
What did João IV accomplish during his reign?
Restored Portuguese independence from Spain
Ended the Iberian Union.
At what age did Afonso I die?
76
Died of natural causes.
What scandal surrounded João I?
His illegitimacy
It was a point of contention in his claim to the throne.
What year did Manuel I expel the Jews from Portugal?
1496
This was despite previously offering them protection.
How did Sebastião I die?
Likely killed in battle
His body was never found, leading to the belief in Sebastianism.
What was a notable consequence of João III’s reliance on the Inquisition?
Heavy reliance on religious persecution
Criticized for this approach during his reign.
What was José I known for rebuilding?
Lisbon
Rebuilt after the 1755 earthquake with help from the Marquis of Pombal.
Fill in the blank: Manuel I is also known as _______.
Manuel the Fortunate
His reign was marked by significant discoveries.
True or False: João IV strengthened the monarchy after restoring independence.
True
He also reestablished colonial trade.
What age did João III die?
55
Died of natural causes.
What was a significant outcome of Sebastião I’s rule?
Disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir
His disappearance after the battle led to a legend of his return.
What was João IV’s reign period?
1640–1656
He played a crucial role in ending the Iberian Union.
Who was the first King of Portugal?
Afonso I (Afonso Henriques)
Declared independence from León in 1139.
What significant battle did João I secure independence from Castile?
Battle of Aljubarrota (1385)
This battle established the Avis dynasty.
What major exploration event did Manuel I oversee?
Vasco da Gama’s voyage to India
Also included Pedro Álvares Cabral’s discovery of Brazil.
What religious institution did João III introduce to Portugal?
The Inquisition
Introduced in 1536.
What was Sebastião I known for regarding military ambition?
Leading a crusade against the Moors
Known for launching the ill-fated Moroccan campaign.
What did João IV accomplish during his reign?
Restored Portuguese independence from Spain
Ended the Iberian Union.
At what age did Afonso I die?
76
Died of natural causes.
What scandal surrounded João I?
His illegitimacy
It was a point of contention in his claim to the throne.
What year did Manuel I expel the Jews from Portugal?
1496
This was despite previously offering them protection.
How did Sebastião I die?
Likely killed in battle
His body was never found, leading to the belief in Sebastianism.
What was a notable consequence of João III’s reliance on the Inquisition?
Heavy reliance on religious persecution
Criticized for this approach during his reign.
What was José I known for rebuilding?
Lisbon
Rebuilt after the 1755 earthquake with help from the Marquis of Pombal.
Fill in the blank: Manuel I is also known as _______.
Manuel the Fortunate
His reign was marked by significant discoveries.
True or False: João IV strengthened the monarchy after restoring independence.
True
He also reestablished colonial trade.
What age did João III die?
55
Died of natural causes.
What was a significant outcome of Sebastião I’s rule?
Disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir
His disappearance after the battle led to a legend of his return.
What was João IV’s reign period?
1640–1656
He played a crucial role in ending the Iberian Union.
