Written/Lecture Test 2 Flashcards
Which direction to lumbar intervertebral discs deform and displace when a person performs right lateral flexion?
A. Left
B. Posterior
C. Right
D. Anterior
A. Left
If a patient has radiating symptoms that demonstrate motor weakness, the patient is given what type of radiating symptoms diagnosis?
A. radiculitis
B. radiculopathy
B. radiculopathy
Radiculitis: (radiating pain), sensory changes due to ectopic discharges from a nerve due to inflammation
Radiculopathy: Compression of a nerve that results in motor weakness
T/F
Injury at sub failure load is most likely to occur when there is inadequate recovery (time) between exporters of load.
True
T/F
Limacon shaped lumbar vertebral discs demonstrate more diffuse nucleus deformation that Ovid shaped discs.
False
Limacon Disc: Focal deformation, thicker spines
Ovoid Disc: diffuse nucleus deformation, thinner spine
Which of the following spinal motions are limited the greatest due to the orientation of the lumbar facet joints?
A. Extension
B. Rotation
C. Flexion
D. Lateral Flexion
B. Rotation
Which of the following best describes the process of pain centralization?
A. Distal pain that slowly progresses towards the spine
B. Pain originating from the spine that moves distally.
A. Distal pain that slowly progresses towards the spine
Peripheralization: Pain originating from the spine that moves distally.
Based on categorization of low back pain, which of the following treatments is most ideal for addressing a facet mobility problem?
A. Cognitive behavior therapy
B. Stabilazation exercisses
C. Joint manipulation
D. Direction specific exercises
C. Joint manipulation
T/F
Lumbar ligaments are densely populated with mechanoreceptors providing feedback regarding position and motion.
True
Which of the following answers best describes the reason for the ilopsoas’s attachment to the lumbar spine?
A. Disperse hip flexion forces across the lumbar spine
B. To promote anterior tilt of the pelvis
C. To facilitate lumbar extension
D. To promote stability to the thoracic spine
A. Disperse hip flexion forces across the lumbar spine
Based on categorization of LBP, which of the following treatments is the most ideal for addressing a motor control problem?
A. Stabilization exercises
B. Cognitive behavior therapy
C. Joint mobilization
D. Direction specific exercise
A. Stabilization exercises
Which position are hip abductors capable of generating the greatest force (strongest)?
A. Adducted 10 degrees
B. Abducted 45 degrees
C. Addicted 45 degrees
D. Abducted 10 degrees
A. Adducted 10 degrees
What position is the right femur in relative to the pelvis when the pelvis left laterally tilts (left side
drops)?
a. Extension
b. Adduction
c. Abduction
d. Flexion
b. Adduction
When the pelvis rotates to the left, what direction does the left femur need to move relative to the pelvis to
keep the left foot aligned in the sagittal plane?
a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Medial Rotation
d. Lateral Rotation
c. Medial Rotation
*Which position will a person adopt posturally, if they have femoral retroversion?
a. Medial rotation of the leg (toed-in)
b. Lateral rotation of the leg (toed-out)
b. Lateral rotation of the leg (toed-out)
Retroversion: <10* of medial rotation
What position is the femur in relative to the pelvis when the pelvis is tilted anteriorly?
a. Flexion
b. Lateral Rotation
c. Medial Rotation
d. Extension
a. Flexion
T/F
In a standing position, posterior rotation of the pelvis is equivalent to closed kinetic chain hip extension
True
Which of the following is true regarding coxa vara?
a. It is associated with less risk of dislocation
b. It is associated with less risk of impingement
c. It allows for greater mobility
d. It is less stable
a. It is associated with less risk of dislocation
Which of the normal variants of the femoral neck increases mobility of the iliofemoral joint, while sacrificing stability?
a. Coxa valga
b. Coxa vara
a. Coxa valga
-Coxa Valga: Decreased Stability, Increased Mobility, > risk of dislocation/DJD, Shortens hip abductors
-Coxa Vara: Increased stability, Decreased mobility, >risk of impingement and femoral neck stress fracture, Reduces force of hip abductors
*Match the problem with the treatment in regards to low back pain.
Problem: Intervertebral disc | Facet or SIJ | Motor control group | Central sensitization group
Treatment: Joint Manipulation | Cognitive Behavior Therapy | Direction specific exercise | Stability motor control ‘X’
Intervertebral disc —- Direction Specific exercises
Facet or SIJ ————— Joint manipulation
Motor Control ——— Stability or motor control excercises
Central sensitization — Cognitive behavior therapy
Match the Spinal Motion with the appropriate nucleus migration:
Spinal Motion:
Flexion | Extension | Right Lateral Flexion | Left Lateral Flexion
Nucleus Migration:
Anterior | Left | Right | Posterior
Flexion ——— Posterior
Extension —— Anterior
R Lat. Flex —- Left
L Lat. Flex —- Right
Intervertebral discs deforms ___________________ to load.
Opposite
The Nucleus purposes deforms in the direction _______________ to the motion.
Opposite
T/F
Resorption of herniated discs is a common finding and is consistent with the normal process of tissue repair and remodelling
True
T/F
The smaller the Herniation the more likely it will spontaneously resorb
False, bigger the Herniation
Lumbar Facet Orientation in:
A. Upper Lumbar?
B. Lower Lumbar?
-Upper Lumbar: Sagittal plane
-Lower Lumbar: Coronal plane
What position are the hip abductors capable of generating the greatest (strongest) force?
A. Adducted 10º
B. Abducted 45º
C. Adducted 45º
D. Abducted 10º
A. Adducted 10º
*In a seated position with hips flexed to 90º, the piriformis positioned to efficiently permit which movement?
A. External Rotation
B. Internal Rotation
C. Extension
D. Abduction
B. Internal Rotation
From the following choices, choose ALL the positions that contribute to placing the hip in OPEN packed position.
A. Adducted 30º
B. Alight internal rotation
C. Slight external rotation
D. Flexion 30º
E. Abducted 30º
F. Extended 30º
C. Slight external rotation
D. Flexion 30º
E. Abducted 30º
OPP
-Flexion/Rotation toward the same side
-Flexion 30 degrees, Abduction 30 degrees, slight external rotation, and uncoils the ligaments
CPP
-Extension/Rotation toward the same side
-Hip extension, slight internal rotation, alight adduction, coils the ligaments
What position is the right femur in relative to the pelvis when the pelvis left laterally tilts (left side drops)?
A. Extension
B. Adduction
C. abduction
D. Flexion
B. Adduction
When the pelvis rotates to the left, what direction does the left femur need to move relative to the pelvis to keep the left foot aligned in the sagittal plane?
A. Flexion
B. Extension
C. Medial Rotation
D. Lateral Rotation
C. Medial Rotation
*Which position will a person adopt postural, if they have femoral retroversion?
A. Medial rotation of the leg (toe-in)
B.Lateral rotation of the leg (toe -out)
B.Lateral rotation of the leg (toe -out)
femoral anteversion is medial rotation of leg resulting in toed-out presentation
What position is the femur in relative to the pelvis when the pelvis is tilted anteriorly?
A. flexion
B. lateral rotation
C. medial rotation
D. extension
A. flexion
T/F
In a standing position, posterior rotation of the pelvis is equivalent to closed kinetic chain hip extension
True
Which of the following is true regarding coxa vara?
a. it is associated with less risk of dislocation
B. It is associate with less risk of impingement
C. It allows for greater mobility
D. It is less stable
a. it is associated with less risk of dislocation
Which of the normal variants of the femoral neck increases mobility of the iliofemoral joint, while sacrificing stability?
A. Coxa Valga
B. Coxa Vara
A. Coxa Valga
Coxa Vara: Increased stability, decreased mobility, greater risk of impingement and femoral neck stress fracture
Coxa Valga: Decreased Stability, Increased mobility, greater risk of dislocation.
Which direction does the left femur move relative to the pelvis when the pelvis rotates to left while keeping the feet stationary?
A. lateral rotation
B. extension
C. flexion
D. Medial Rotation
D. Medial Rotation
Which compensation will a person adopt postural, if they have femoral anteversion?
A. Medial rotation of the leg (toe-in)
B. Lateral rotation of the leg (toe-out)
A. Medial rotation of the leg (toe-in)
Anteversion: >15* of medial rotation
Which compensation will a person adopt postural, if they have femoral anteversion?
A. Medial rotation of the leg (toe-in)
B. Lateral rotation of the leg (toe-out)
A. Medial rotation of the leg (toe-in)
*Form closure vs. Force Closure
-Form closure: Bony structural stability
-Force closure: Ligament/Muscle Stability
What action does the piriformis perform when the hip is flexed 90º?
A. Abduction
B. Extension
C. Internal rotation
D. external rotation
C. Internal rotation
Which meniscus demonstrates less mobility, possibly explaining why it is more frequently injured?
A. Lateral
B. Medial
B. Medial
Which of the following motions is prevented by the Posterior Cruciate Ligament? (choose all that apply)
A. It prevents anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
B. It prevents anterior translation of the femur relative to the tibia
C. It prevents posterior translation the tibia relative to the femur
D. It prevents posterior translational the femur relative to the tibia.
B. It prevents anterior translation of the femur relative to the tibia
C. It prevents posterior translation the tibia relative to the femur
*Which area of the meniscus has the best potential to heal due to a better blood supply?
A. Outer 1/3
B. Inner 1/3
C. Middle 1/3
A. Outer 1/3
T/F
Any movement of the vastus medialis oblique will allow a greater amount of lateral glide of the patella due to the origin of the quadriceps muscles being orientated laterally to their insertion point?
True
*Which motions create the “screw home” mechanism of ht knee during terminal knee extension? Choose all that apply:
A. The femur internally rotates
B. The femur externally rotates
C. The tibia externally rotates
D. The tibia internally rotates
A. The femur internally rotates
C. The tibia externally rotates
Which Meniscus is deeper?
A. Medial
B. Lateral
B. Lateral
-Limits A-P displacement as the femur rotates around the medial condyle
*Which direction does the femur move relative to the tibia during knee extension?
choose all that apply:
A. rolls anterior
B. slides anterior
C. rolls posterior
D. slides posterior
A. Rolls anterior
D. Slides Posterior
Flexion: Rolls posterior, slides anterior
*The posterior cruciate ligament functions to prevent what motions at the knee?
choose all that apply:
A. prevents posterior translation of the femur
B. prevents posterior translation of the tibia
C. prevents anterior translation of the femur
D. prevents anterior translation of the tibia
B. prevents posterior translation of the tibia
C. prevents anterior translation of the femur
The lateral femoral condyle rotates which direction to the tibia during knee flexion?
A. posterior
B. anterior
C. lateral
D. medial
A. posterior
*Which of the following positions is considered the open packed position of the knee?
A. 30º of flexion
B. 90º of flexion
C. Full extension
D. Full flexion
A. 30º of flexion
-Open-Packed: 30 degrees, position adopted with joint swelling, common position for ACL injuries
-Closed-Packed: Full Extension
Which direction do the menisci move during knee extension?
A. medial
B. lateral
C. anterior
D. posterior
C. anterior
What does the Angle of Inclination refer to in the frontal plane?
125º between neck and shaft of the femur
The femoral neck forms an angle of ______ anterior to the frontal plane which is referred to as the _________ _________ in the transverse plane.
15º
Torsion angle
Coupled Motions of the Hip
-Hip Flexion: Roll Anterior/Slide Post and Inf (Femur)
-Hip Extension: Roll Post/Slide Ant and Sup (Femur)
-Hip Medial Rotation: Roll Ant/Slide Post
-Hip Lateral Rotation: Roll Post/Slide Ant
-Hip Abduction: Roll Supr/Slide Inf
-Hip Adduction: Roll Inf/Slide Sup
External rotation of the pelvis produces relative ______ rotation of the ipsilateral femur
Internal
Medial femoral condyle is _________ in size and extends farther _________
Larger; distally
The medial tibial plateau is _______ in size and _____ loaded than the lateral plateau
Larger; more
