NMS 3: Orthotics

Question 1

The longitudinal arch is _______ and ____ than the medial arch

Answer 1

Lower and flatter

Question 2

Transverse arch goes ______ the foot

Answer 2

Across

Question 3

Plantar vault/dome

Answer 3

The three arches together form a dome shape

Question 4

Why do we need orthotics?

Answer 4

Maintain foot structure
-for the rest of our body (can lead to degenerative joint disease)

Question 5

Pronation/Knee injuries

Answer 5

Excessive pronation causes: internal tibial rotaion, patellar tracking problems…

Question 6

Where do we support the arches of the foot?

Answer 6

Medial longitudinal arch, transverse arch support, lateral longitudinal arch, heel cup option

Question 7

Rigid orthotics

Answer 7

Build to hold the foot in optimal position
-Only allows movement at the ankle and forefoot

Question 8

Soft Orthotics

Answer 8

Built to support the foot and prevent the arches from dropping past the normal range
-Allows normal motion of the entire foot while preventing excessive motion

Question 9

Treatment goals for doctor with orthotics

Answer 9

-Reasonable structural alignment
-Optimal neurological functoin

Question 10

The Original Spinal Pelvic Stabilizer

Answer 10

-1952 Dr. Monte Greenawalt develops the first SPS

Question 11

FL helps to:

Answer 11

-Decrease Q-angle
-Help balance the pelvis
-Decrease LBP by 34.5%

Question 12

Orthotics Goals

Answer 12

-Provide heel strike shock protection
-Enhance sensory-motor reflexes

Question 13

5 Red Flags of Spinal Stability

Answer 13

1. Foot flare during gait
2. Excessive shoe wear
3. Low medial arches
4. Bowed achilles tendon
5. Internal knee rotation

Question 14

Helbing’s Sign

Answer 14

Medial bowing of the achilles tendon with a loss of foot pronation

Question 15

Too Many Toe Sign

Answer 15

Finding of significant forefoot abduction or pronation, 3 or more toes are visible

Question 16

Observational changes in the foot (Plantar Fasciitis)

Answer 16

Callus under the 2-4 metatarsal heads
-Abnormal wear of shoe

Question 17

PSI Card (Navicular Drop Test)

Answer 17

> 5mm difference would indicate a foot issue

Question 18

Benefits of Scanning

Answer 18

-As accurate as casting
-Faster
-Can be done without ordering

Question 19

Brannock Device

Answer 19

Ability to size shoe based on measuring persons dimensions.

Question 20

Plaster cast

Answer 20

Simple copy of the foot without weight
-No transverse arch or correction for problems

Question 21

Stages of Development in Children

Answer 21

-Birth to 2 years: Bow legs/toeing common
-Age 3-5: Knock knees and toeing out are common
-Age 6-7: Knees and feet should resemble adult positioning
(Medial arch should be observable)

Question 22

Modifications of Orthotic

Answer 22

-Heel Spurs
-Heel Cups: Keep calcaneus from moving back and fourth
-Heel Lifts: Anatomical Short Leg
-Building Up an Arch

Question 23

Other Considerations of Orthotics

Answer 23

-Shoe type and quantity
-Measurements

Question 24

Benefits of Barefoot Running

Answer 24

Natural gait
-Reduct injuries
-More effieicnt
-Improve balance and proprioception

Question 25

Negatives of Barefoot running

Answer 25

-Slow adaptation phase -Less protection/insulation than running shod -Increased risk of plantar faciitis -More blisters

Question 26

The size and shape of orthotics is constant between manufacturers?

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Rigid orthotics are usually made to support the arch in the neutral non weight bearing position?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Over pronation of the foot causes all except? a. Metatarsalgia b. Morton Neuroma c. Navicular subluxation d. Turf Toe

Answer 28

d. Turf Toe

Question 29

Orthotic companies offer product and modifications to best match the patients feet and condition?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

The size and shape of shoes is constant between manufacturers?

Answer 30

False

Question 31

The Navicular drop test measures the distance the navicular moves when? a. Running b. Moving from sitting to standing c. Walking d. Jumping

Answer 31

b. Moving from sitting to standing

Question 32

You should make sure you follow the orthotic company instruction on how to collect the information to make the orthotic?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Shoe companies design their shoes to fit what they consider the average foot size and shape?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

One of the advantages of wearing orthotics is that the patients shoes will wear correctly and may last longer.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Heel cups are used to keep the calcaneus in the proper position in the shoe?

Answer 35

True