Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMS 1-3 > NMS 3: Knee > Flashcards

NMS 3: Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Knee: General Characteristics

A

-Largest and most complex joint in the body
-All in one capsule
-Tibiofibular: More associated with the ankle and in it’s own capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Joints of the Knee

A

Medial tibiofemoral, lateral tibiofemoral, patellofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What joint is more associated with the ankle and it’s own capsules

A

Tibiofibular Joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of the knee

A

Weight bearing and Locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Knee: Vulnearability to Dysfunction

A

-Superficial anatomical exposure: No muscles to protect from direct blows
-Large functional demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stabilizing Structures of the Knee

A

-Shape of the articular surfaces
-Interposed medial and lateral meniscus: Support a majority of the weight
-Fibroelastic properties of the capsule
-Protective action of the bursa
-Restrictive effects of the joint ligaments
-Strength of the surroundings muscles: Quads-around the patellar tendon
-Lubricating and cushioning of the fat pads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Knee Flexion

A

-Tibia slides forward/Femur slides back
-Tibial condyles roll A-P under femoral condyles
-Tibial condyles also glide A-P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Knee Extension

A

-Tibia is stationary, femur slides back
-Tibial condyles roll P-A under femoral condyles
-Tibial condyles also glide P-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in the last 10-20 degrees of knee extension

A

Tibia externally rotates (screw-home mechanism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Knee-Full Extension

A

-Tibia externally rotated (screw home)
-Cruciate “uncrossed”
-More resilience on collaterals (taking on most of the force )
-Muscular stabilization by: Pes anserine tendons, ITB, hamstring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patella: Strucure/Functions

A

-Medial and lateral facets articulate with the patellar groove of the femur
-Patellar groove and facets cover with articular coverage and lie inside the capsular fibers of the knee joint
-Patella protects from anterior blows
-The more you flex, the more force that is placed into the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Patellofemoral Joint Reaction Forces

A

-Walking: 100 lbs
-Bike: 100lbs
-Deep Squatting: 4000lbs
-Squatting: 1400lbs
-Jogging: 1400lbs
-Stairs descent: 1000lbs
-Stair ascend: 660lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coupled Motions of the Knee

A

-Flexion and internal rotation
-Extension and external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-Most injuries happen are a result of rotation to the ________side of flexion and extension

A

Opposite; Plant foot bent knee and turn inward sports and even going down stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The knee is very susceptible to injury in the ______ packed position

A

Open; more impact on the cruciate ligaments, which don’t hold load as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Suprapatellar Bursa

A

-Can be continuous with the joint capsule
-Superior aspect of patella upward beneath the quadriceps
-Decreases friction between the quadriceps tendon and femur
-Extension of the synovial membrane (contains fluid)
-Intrasynovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prepatellar Bursa

A

-Subcutaneous anterior to patella
-Protects from blow to patella and from kneeling on the kee
-“Housemaid knee”
-Extracapsular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Superficial Infrapatellar Bursa

A

-Subcutaneous anterior to patellar tendon below patella
-Inflammation…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Deep Infrapatellar Bursa

A

-Deep to infrapatellar tendon
-Sometimes continuous with the synovial space
-Increase in the superficial or deep infrapatellar bursa called “Parson’s Knees”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pes Anserine Bursa

A

-Lies between MCL/tibia and pes anserine muscles
-Related to runners

21
Q

Chondromalacia Patella

A

-Degenerative process that involves softening and fissuring of the patellar articular cartilage
-Very common (Affect 1/3)
-3 categories: Primary Idiopathic, secondary adolescent, adult

22
Q

Primary Idiopathic

A

-No trauma, disease, or deformity
-Adolescents and young adults
-Begins on the medial of the patella

23
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Idiopathic Chondromalacia patella

A

-Diffuse ache
-pain increased with quadriceps stress
-creptis/catching in the knee
-effusion
-movie sign (prolonged sitting)

24
Q

Diagnosis of Primary idiopathic

A

Pain over the margin of the patella
-pain when the patella is “scrambled” across the femur (Perkins sign)
-Pain with direct pressure of the patella on the femur (Fourchet’s sign)

25
Q

X-Ray Findings: Primary Idiopathic Chondromalacia

A

-MRI (image of choice)
-Prognosis: Continue for years and may become better or worse
-Most improve spontaneously and do not progress to DJD

26
Q

Treatment of Primary Idiopathic

A

-Exercise* :Lateralis stretched/medialis strengthened
-conservative care
-improve the tracking of the patella, align lower leg, adjust the hip, knee, foot and ankle and low back
-Inflammation control
-Nutritional supplements for inflammation and cartilage support
-Align lower leg (pes planus)

27
Q

Secondary Adolescent Chondromalacia

A

-Softening of cartilage secondary to trauma
-Adolescents and young adults
-Etiology: Direct or indirect trauma, increased Q angle, elongation of patella tendon, microtrauma
-Signs/symptoms: Lesion is more lateral over lateral aspect of patella, buckling is common
-Treatment: Same as idiopathic

28
Q

Adult DJD-Patellofemoral Syndrome

A

-Middle aged and beyond
-Softening of the entire patella, onset usually insidious
-Signs/symptoms: Limitation of motion, effusion, crepitation, pain w/ activity
-Treatment: Same as adolescent (adjust to restore normal tracking)

29
Q

Osgood Schlatter’s Disease

A

-One of most common causes of knee pain in active adolescents
-Jumping/cutting sports
-Bilateral in about 20% of cases
-Exact cause is unknown
-enlarged tibial tubercle (where pain is)
-Usually remits on skeletal maturity
-Permenent bump

30
Q

Grades of OS

A
  1. Pain after activity
  2. Pain during/after activity
  3. Constant pain
31
Q

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease

A

-Located at inferior pull of the patella
-Treatment: Same as OS

32
Q

Osteoarthritis of the Knee

A

-The risk of disability from OA Knee is as great as that of CV disease
-One of the most common sites of osteoarthritis

33
Q

Etiology of Osteoarthritis

A

-Heredity: genetic mutations
-Weight: increases pressure on joints
-Age
-Gender
-Trauma
-Repetitive Stress Injuries:
-High Impact Sports: Soccer, long-distance running, tennis
-Other Illnesses

34
Q

Symptoms of OA

A

-Early: Painful cracking or grinding
-Late: Attacks of synovitis and muscle atrophy of the quadriceps

35
Q

Treatment of OA

A

-Mobilize joint
-normalize abnormal stress
-Treat the effusion
-Exercise: Weight loss, strengthen quads, increase circulation
-Anti-inflammatory drugs
-Intra-articular treatments
-Surgery
-Brace

36
Q

Infrapatellar Bursitis

A

-Deep and superficial infrapatellar bursitis
-dumbbell shaped
-Parson’s Knees
-The prepatellar bursae is most common (Housemaid’s knee)

37
Q

IT Band Syndrome

A

-Most common cause of lateral knee pain in runners
-Friction on distal IT band
-Seen in: long distance runners, weight lifters, cyclists, skiers, x-country runners

38
Q

Predisposing factors of IT Band Syndrome

A

-Genu varum, foot problems, leg length discrepancy

39
Q

Signs/Symptoms of IT Band Syndrome

A

-Tenderness over the lateral epicondyle
-Usually occurs between miles 1-5

40
Q

Jumper’s Knee (Patellar Tendinitis)

A

-Tendititis occuring at the bone tendon junction
-Occurs in athletes requiring explosive quad movements
-Rapid increase in training frequency/intensity
-Improper mechanics
-Training on ridged surface

41
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Jumpers Knee

A

-Squeaky Knee

42
Q

Baker’s Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)

A

-Synovial herniation in the posterior of the knee
-Causes: Semimembranous/gastroc bursa

43
Q

Torn Meniscus

A

-Mostly avascular
-Outermost 20% of the meniscus with blood supply
-Feels “locked”
-Any twisting, squatting or impacting activities
-Meniscal tissue doesn’t heal
-Most times can be treated without surgery

44
Q

Torn Mesniscus causes

A

-traumatic tears: twisting injury or a blow to the side of the knee/oftentimes under 30 years old
-Can also be degenerative: Natural drying-out of the inner center

45
Q

Dislocated Patella

A

-Lateral
-Patellar groove is shallow
-After dislocation, muscle spasm flexing the knee locking the patella lateral to the groove

46
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

-Most commonly injured ligament of the knee
-Sports-related

47
Q

ACL Injury occurence

A

-More common in women than men
-“loosely” attirbuted to hamstring/quad strength imbalance
-Planting/cutting

48
Q

Lachman’s Test

A

-Least stressful/most reliable indicator of ACL tear
-Patient supine with knee in 20-30 degrees of flexion

NMS 1-3 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions