Wound Management Flashcards
Name four inhibitors of granulation tissue formation:
- Pressure
- Dry dressing
- Corticosteroid cream
- Caustic agents
T/F: Phenylbutazone may be used in equine and bovine species
False
Phenylbutazone should not be used in cattle (long residual effect)
If a horse has a wound and a previous tetanus vaccination history, what should be given?
tetanus toxoid
A skin graft from the same individual is termed __________
autograft
What is the correct order of wound management?
Pack –> Clip –> Lavage
What systemic antibiotics are often used in equines for wound management?
penicillin, penicillin/aminoglycoside, TMS
(local antibiotics may inhibit wound healing)
T/F: Treatments that arrest wound contraction and epitheliazation promote the formation of proud flesh
True
In general, how much of the small intestine can be safely resected?
~50%
A portion of skin consisting of all the epidermis and 75% of the dermis is harvested from the ventral pectoral area with a dermatome and expanded on stage of staggered razor blades before being sutured to a wound on the same horse’s cannon bone.
This type of skin graft is best described as a:
split-thickness mesh autograft
Aside from cosmetic appearance, what is the #1 problem with proud flesh?
delays wound healing
What is the rate of truncal wound epithelial migration?
0.2 mm/day
T/F: Penrose drains are used for active drainage of a wound
False
Penrose drains are used for passive drainage of a wound
Shown below is a ________ graft
mesh graft
The period in which the wound becomes larger before contraction is known as the __________
lag period
Horses that sustain a heel bulb laceration can successfully return to their intended use. Involvement of the ____________ joint is associated with a poor prognosis
distal interphalangeal joint
What is the rate of distal limb wound contraction?
0.2 mm/day
What is the ‘golden period’ in which a wound may be closed primarily?
4 to 6 hours
If there is <106 bacteria/gram of tissue= likely to heal without complication
The #1 reason for using skin grafts in equine patients is for treatment of __________
proud flesh
What is the rate of distal limb wound epithelial migration?
0.09 mm/day
What is a full thickness graft?
all of the epidermis and dermis
full thickness grafts give the best cosmetic appearance and hair growth
What organism is most commonly isolated from traumatic wounds in equines?
Streptococcus
__________ and __________ are the only mammals that develop excessive granulation tissue during wound healing
humans and equines
A skin graft from another species is termed __________
xenograft
Seabiscuit’s cousin, Oceanroll, had a contaminated wound that was left open, but closed before the period of fibroplasia began (<4 days). What type of wound healing is this?
Delayed primary intention healing
Name three benefits of NSAIDs:
- Block prostaglandin synthesis
- Decrease inflammation
- Decrease pain
What are the two types of free grafts?
- Island grafts: pinch, punch, seed, or tunnel grafts
- Sheet grafts: split of full thickness, solid or meshed grafts
The graft type that is used in large animals is known as a free graft. What does that mean?
a graft with no blood supply
T/F: Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine®) may be used in equine and bovine species
True
What are the three major components of second intention wound healing?
fibroplasia, contraction, epithelialization
What are the main advantages of pinch grafting?
-
Advantages:
- General anesthesia not required
- Minimal equipment necessary
- Graft failure is rare
- Disadvantages
- Poor cosmetic appearance
- Scant hair growth
Debridement begins ____ hours after wounding
~6 hours
What surgical technique is being shown on this horse?
punch grafting
If a horse has a wound and no previous tetanus vaccination history, what should be given?
tetanus toxoid and tetanus antitoxin
What procedure is being performed on this skin?
meshing
What is a split thickness graft?
all of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis
What is the rate of truncal wound contraction?
1 mm/day
What component of second intention wound healing is observed here?
epithelialization
A skin graft from another member of the same species is termed __________
allograft
In basic terms, what is primary intention healing?
healing without fibroplasia
Where is exuberant granulation tissue most commonly seen?
distal limbs
This substance is commonly found associated with wounds on the distal limbs of horses, preventing or delaying wound healing:
granulation tissue
Three three main reasons for skin graft failure:
motion, infection, hemorrhage
During this type of wound healing the wound is allowed to heal without suture placement:
2nd intention
This type of wound healing provides the best functional and cosmetic outcome for the patient:
primary
This fracture extends across a growth plate and through the metaphysis:
Salter Harris Type II
PDS takes approximately this long to absorb in the body:
180 days
A wound in this location often leads to significant SQ emphysema, and in severe cases pneumomediastinum:
axillary region
While these types of skin grafts are not very cosmetic, they are functional and easy to perform:
punch and pinch skin grafts
