Corrective Shoeing, Diagnosing Lameness Flashcards
The hoof-pastern angle in the front should be ____ degrees
50˚
What condition is seen in this horse?
Stringhalt
T/F: It is important to perform flexion tests before observation at exercise or hoof testers
False
Always perform flexion tests AFTER palpation, observation at exercise, and hoof testers
What instrument is this?
rasp
If a horse’s lameness is consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances, this is considered a Grade ____ lameness
Grade 3
A horse presents to your clinic with a heel laceration. Weeks later, it presents again with this and you’re all like “damn, that’s nasty as shit. But I do know what it is. It’s ____________”
exuberant granulation tissue (proud flesh)
What nerves are blocked with a low 4-point nerve block?
- lat/med palmar metacarpal nn.
- lat/med palmar nn.
What nerves are blocked with an abaxial nerve block?
palmar digital nerves
(just more proximally than the PD nerve block)
What instrument is being used here?
alligator clincher
What type of shoe is shown here?
full bar shoe
What are the clinical signs of a solar abscess?
- Lameness
- Thumping digital pulse
- Draining tract at coronary band
- Swelling
Thrush is a degenerative condition of the __________
Thrush is a degenerative condition of the frog
Laminitis becomes chronic after ____ hours of continual pain or when rotation of the distal phalanx occurs
Laminitis becomes chronic after 48 hours of continual pain or when rotation of the distal phalanx occurs
What nerves are blocked with a PD nerve block?
Palmar digital nerves
What instrument is this?
clinch cutter
What are thoooooooose?
hoof nippers
Identify the abnormality
“Ski-tipped” coffin bone
What tool is shown in this image?
hoof testers
T/F: In the hindlimb, the head goes down when the lame limb bears weight
True!
This is true for the hindlimb. Note that this is NOT the case for forelimb lameness!
What is the most common cause of lameness in the horse?
solar abscess
What instrument is this?
hoof knife
What is causing the gait abnormality shown here?
(sorry for the choppy gif)
upward fixation of the patella (UFP)
*This can sometimes look similar to Stringhalt*
Where should the nails be placed in the shoe?
At the white line, cranial to the widest part of the hoof
Nail should NOT be driven in more caudally than the widest part of hoof wall b/c will interfere with the hoof wall mechanism
What type of shoe is shown here?
heart bar shoe
Allows for better distribution of weight along the whole foot, Supports the frog
This lameness is pathognomonic for what condition?
upward fixation of the patella
How do you diagnose solar abscesses?
- Hoof testers
- Sterile probe in draining tract
- Rads (fistulography)
If a horse has an obvious lameness with marked head nod, hitching, shortened stride, this is considered a Grade ____ lameness
Grade 4
What does it mean if the nail is “quickened”?
The nail goes through the sensitive lamina (bleeding around it)
What are the treatment options for chronic laminitis?
- Therapeutic shoeing
- Dorsal hoof wall resection
- Deep digital flexor tenotomy
- Euthanasia
How often does a horses hoof need to be trimmed?
every 4-6 weeks
When shoeing, you’ll use clinch cutters or a rasp to create a groove just below the nail tip for the end of the nail to be bent into. What is this groove called?
clinch bed
What does it mean if the nail is “nail bound”?
The end of the nail doesn’t come out of the hoof
The hoof-pastern angle in the front should be ____ degrees
50˚
A horse presents to you with a grade 3/5 RF lameness. Which of the following would be expected as you watch the horse in motion?
- Head nod down when the RF is in contact with the ground
- Head nod down when the LF is in contact with the ground
Head nod down when the LF is in contact with the ground
T/F: Lameness is graded when the horse is walking
False
Lameness is graded at the TROT
What instrument is this?
alligator clincher
When performing a pre-purchase evaluation (PPE), what party are you working for?
the buyer
This lameness is pathognomonic for what condition?
fibrotic myopathy
Fibrotic myopathy is fibrosis of the semimembranosus, semitendinosus causing a mechanical-type lameness
What type of shoeing will help treat navicular disease?
shoe with elevated heel
What’s wrong with this picture?
The vet is on the opposite side of the horse than the handler
They should be on the same side
How fast does a horses hoof grow?
~6 mm/month
Where does the hoof grow from?
perioplic corium
The lateral palmar nerve block blocks the origin of the __________
suspensory ligament
How long does it take for the hoof to grow from the coronet to the toe?
1 year
