Tendonitis, Tendon Laceration, Joint Disease, Neurectomy, Sweeny

Question 1

What are the two mechanisms by which overstrain can occur?

Answer 1

sudden overload or strain induced (more common)

Question 2

Where do we most commonly see tendonitis in the horse?

Answer 2

superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon

8-43% incidence in TB

Question 3

What is the recommended treatment for Stringhalt?

Answer 3

Lateral digital extensor tenotomy

Question 4

How do you test for rupture of common calcanean tendon?

Answer 4

try to flex the hock without flexing the stifle

If you’re able to, there is a rupture. This can not happen in normal animals

Question 5

Concerning the function of hyaluronic acid which statement is most accurate?

• It is responsible for the greatest proportion of resistance to joint motion
• It is a boundary lubricant of synovial membrane
• It stimulates fibroblast proliferation
• It is a lubricant of the articular cartilage

Answer 5

It is a boundary lubricant of synovial membrane

Question 6

What are some complications associated with palmar digital neurectomy?

Answer 6

• Painful neuroma
• Reinnervation
• Persistence of sensation
• Loss of the hoof wall

Question 7

What is the best tool for diagnosis of tendonitis?

Answer 7

ultrasound

Question 8

What is the definition of tendonitis?

Answer 8

inflammation of a tendon, most commonly from overuse but can be from infection or traumatic injury

Question 9

How do you treat a ruptured peroneus tertius?

Answer 9

stall rest for 2 months

scar tissue will form between the ruptured ends

Question 10

Sweeny is paralysis of the __________ nerve that results in atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

Answer 10

Sweeny is paralysis of the suprascapular nerve results in atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

caused by direct trauma to the nerve clinically an outward movement of the scapula is seen during weight bearing muscle atrophy is seen in 7 to 14 days electromyography can be used to confirm the diagnosis

Question 11

T/F: Most horses with common and long digital extensor tendon laceration return to athletic activities

Answer 11

True

Question 12

When performing a palmar digital neurectomy in a horse, it should be remembered that the correct orientation of structures in the neurovascular bundle from dorsal to palmar is:

• Vein, artery, nerve
• Nerve, artery, vein
• Artery, nerve, vein
• Nerve, vein, artery
• Vein, nerve, artery

Answer 12

Vein, artery, nerve​

Question 13

Based on this video, what is your diagnosis?

Answer 13

ruptured peroneus tertius

Question 14

Tendons can extend ~___ - ___% before rupture

Answer 14

Tendons can extend ~12-20% before rupture

Question 15

The fetlock is dropped, but the toe is still pointed down. What structure(s) could be affected?

Answer 15

superficial digital flexor (SDF), suspensory ligament

Question 16

What structure is indicated by the number 4?

Answer 16

suspensory ligament

Question 17

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation in horses?

Answer 17

pain, swelling, heat, lameness

Question 18

What structure is indicated by the number 1?

Answer 18

superficial digital flexor tendon

Question 19

T/F: The most common complicaton of palmar digital neurectomy is infection of the navicular bursa

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Dorsal to palmar, which of the following accurately lists the orientation of the tendons & ligaments in the proximal metacarpus?

• SDF tendon, DDF tendon, distal check ligament, suspensory ligament
• SDF tendon, DDF tendon, suspensory ligament
• SDF tendon, DDF tendon, suspensory ligament, distal check ligament
• Suspensory ligament, DDF tendon, distal check ligament, SDF tendon
• DDF tendon, SDF tendon

Answer 20

Suspensory ligament, DDF tendon, distal check ligament, SDF tendon

Question 21

This horse pulled up lame after a cross-country event. Ultrasound was performed at the mid-metacarpal region. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 21

Core lesion in the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon

Question 22

What structure is indicated by the number 2?

Answer 22

deep digital flexor tendon

Question 23

What structure is indicated by the number 5?

Answer 23

extensor ligament

Question 24

Note the bowing in the left limb in this picture. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 24

superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis

Question 25

T/F: The deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon is most prone to tendonitis

Answer 25

**False** *The superficial digital flexor (SDF) and the suspensory ligament (SL) are most prone to injury because they endure the most load during heel strike. Load on the DDF happens later*

Question 26

T/F: All treatments for tendonitis include rest and a controlled exercise program

Answer 26

**True**

Question 27

◦Inflammation of the synovial membranes of the tendon sheath is termed

Answer 27

**tenosynovitis**

Question 28

Where is the lesion?

Answer 28

**periphery of the SDF**

Question 29

This presentation (toe pointed up) is seen with rupture of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

**deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon**

Question 30

T/F: Palmar digital neurectomy may be indicated in the treatment of some fractures involving the palmar process of the distal phalanx

Answer 30

**True**

Question 31

Up to \_\_\_\_% of the tendon can be lacerated and still provide full tendon function at the walk.

Answer 31

**50%**

Question 32

Overall, tendons have limited intrinsic repair. Scar tissue formation produces Type ___ collagen, resulting in a less elastic tendon

Answer 32

**Type III**

Question 33

Tendons are made out of what type of collagen?

Answer 33

**Type 1** *II, III, IV and V also present in smaller amounts*

Question 34

Shown below is a tendon stress-strain curve. What point signifies the failure point?

Answer 34

Question 35

What structure is indicated by the number 3?

Answer 35

**accessory ligament of the DDFT**