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RUSVM Large Animal Surgery > Ruminant Male Reproductive Surgery > Flashcards

Ruminant Male Reproductive Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

You note this lesion on the free portion of the penis in a bull. What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

fibropapilloma

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2
Q

At what age do you normally see fibropapillomas in ruminants?

A

6 months - 1 year

Older animals build immunity to the warts, so they regress on their own

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3
Q

What is the cause of fibropapillomas in ruminants?

A

Bovine Papilloma Virus

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4
Q

When the penis is prevented from coming out of the prepuce, this is termed:

A

phimosis

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5
Q

T/F: The prognosis for a bull treated for penile warts is good for life, but poor for reproductive soundness

A

False

Prognosis is good for reproductive soundness and live

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6
Q

What are the major treatment options for penile warts?

A
  • Electrocautery
  • Autogenous or commercial wart vaccine
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7
Q

Penile hair rings may cause necrosis of the distal portion of the penis. What is the recommended treatment for penile hair rings in the bull?

A

cut it off

Literally just cut the hair ring off of the penis. Don’t try to make this harder than it needs to be.

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8
Q

You notice this band of connective tissue linking the ventral aspect of the glans penis to the preputial mucosa in a 7-month-old bull. What is your most likely diagnosis?

A

normal

This is normal in a 7-month-old bull. Separation of this connective tissue should be complete by 9 months of age. If it is still present after 9 months, the diagnosis would be persistent frenulum

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9
Q

Penile hematoma is also known as:

A

broken penis, fractured penis, ruptured penis

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10
Q

T/F: Preputial prolapse is commonly seen as a sequela to penile hematoma

A

True

Penile hematoma predisposes bulls to preputial prolapse

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11
Q

Where would you most likely observe swelling in the case of penile hematoma in a bull?

A

ventral abdomen, just cranial to scrotum

(distal to the sigmoid flexure)

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12
Q

T/F: In the case of penile hematoma, the corpus cavernosum ruptures through the tunica albuginea on the dorsal aspect

A

True

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13
Q

What is the tissue that surrounds the urethra in the bull?

A

corpus spongiosum

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14
Q

What is the most common location for penile hematoma in the bull?

A

distal sigmoid flexure

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15
Q

What is the classic signalment associated with penile hematoma in bulls?

A

Young (<2 yrs) horned beef Hereford cattle

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16
Q

The skin incision in the surgery for correction of hematoma of the penis in the bull is:

  • An oblique incision over the swollen area just cranial to the rudimentary teats
  • A longitudinal incision over the swollen area just cranial to the rudimentary teats
  • An oblique incision over the swollen area just caudal to the rudimentary teats
  • A longitudinal incision over the swollen area just caudal to the rudimentary teats
  • A midline incision over the swollen area just cranial to the rudimentary teats
A

An oblique incision over the swollen area just cranial to the rudimentary teats​

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17
Q

Post-op care after medical or surgical treatment of penile hematoma in the bull requires sexual rest for at least ________

A

60 days

18
Q

In a case of penile hematoma, there is no difference in prognosis whether treated medically or surgically if the hematoma is less than _____

A

20 cm

  • Width < 20 cm (small hematoma)
    • 78% successful with surgery
    • 80% successful with conservative treatment
    • No difference whether treated medically or surgically if small
  • Width > 20 cm (large hematoma)
    • 80% successful with surgery
    • 33% successful with conservative treatment
    • Surgery increases prognosis for breeding soundness if hematoma is large
19
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis in this 2 year old bull?

A

preputial prolapse

20
Q

With medical and/or surgical treatment of preputial injuries in bulls, roughly what percentage return to breeding soundness?

A

~75%

21
Q

Regarding preputial injuries in bulls, longitudinal lacerations have a better prognosis than circumferential lacerations, and result in a decreased risk of __________

A

phimosis

22
Q

Preputial laceration complex in bulls usually involves a large amount of bacterial infection. This complex is most commonly seen in what types of cattle breeds?

A

Bos indicus

Bos indicus breeds have a pendulous prepuce

23
Q

Surgical reconstruction of the prepuce is termed:

A

posthioplasty

[pos-the-oh-plas-tea​]

24
Q

What is the approximate success rate for circumcision & posthioplasty for preputial injuries in bulls?

A

76-87%

There’s no significant difference in outcome between the surgical techniques

25
Q

Penile deviation in the bull results from slippage of the __________

A

dorsal apical ligament

Penile deviation is seen in middle aged to older bull

26
Q

T/F: Electroejaculation aids in the diagnosis of penile deviation in the bull

A

False

  • The diagnosis is made during natural breeding.*
  • Electroejaculation aids in the diagnosis of persistent frenulum*
27
Q

What form of penile deviation is most commonly seen in bulls?

A

spiral (corkscrew)

  • The deviation results from slippage of the dorsal apical ligament and is seen in middle-aged to older bulls.
  • The diagnosis is made during natural breeding (electroejaculation is not diagnostic).
  • The deviation prevents intromission and results in copulation failure
28
Q

How do you repair penile deviation in bulls?

A

pexis of the dorsal apical ligament

Anchoring the apical ligament of the penis so it cannot slip laterally

29
Q

When repairing penile deviation in bulls, strips of fascia lata may be used for reinforcement of the apical ligament. This fascia lata is harvested from the fascia covering the __________ muscle

A

vastus lateralis

30
Q

T/F: Provided the bull gets at least 60 days of sexual rest after surgical treatment of penile deviation, the success rate is roughly 75%

A

False

Provided the bull gets at least 60 days of sexual rest after surgical treatment of penile deviation, the success rate is roughly 50%

31
Q

__________ is the most common injury to the penis and prepuce of bulls managed for collection of semen

A

preputial avulsion

  • Avulsion of the lamina interna of the prepuce from its attachment to the penis at the fornix
  • If seen immediately, lavage and suture ASAP
32
Q

What is the success rate associated with surgical treatment of preputial avulsion?

A

100%

33
Q

The only preputial injury in bulls where suturing is recommended is:

A

acute preputial avulsion

100% success rate with surgical treatment

34
Q

Which of the following procedures would preclude use of the animal for breeding?

  • Preputiotomy
  • Posthioplasty
  • Phallopexy
  • Amputation
A

phallopexy and amputation

35
Q

Paraphimosis in horses is most commonly the result of ________

A

trauma

36
Q

Posthioplasty is used for:

  • Treatment of penile paralysis
  • Lesion removal and restoration of function to the prepuce
  • Treatment of priapism
  • En bloc resection
  • None of the above
A

Lesion removal and restoration of function to the prepuce​

37
Q

Inability to retract the penis into the preputial cavity is termed:

A

paraphimosis

38
Q

T/F: In hematomas of the penis in bulls, a tear of the tunica albuginea usually occurs on the ventrum of the penis at the distal sigmoid flexure

A

False

In hematomas of the penis in bulls, a tear of the tunica albuginea usually occurs on the dorsum of the penis at the distal sigmoid flexure

39
Q

In hematomas of the bull penis, a tear of the tunical albuguinea is of a:

  • Transverse nature
  • Longitundinal nature
  • Oblique nature
  • B and C
  • All of the above
A

Transverse nature

40
Q

Define intromission using emojis:

A

RUSVM Large Animal Surgery (32 decks)

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