World history cp 19 Flashcards
a soldier in the elite guard of the offman Turks
janissary
an empire formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered through their mastery of firearms
gunpowder empire
“holder of power”; the military and political head of state under the seljuk Turks and the ottomans
sultan
the ottoman sultans chief minister who carried the main burdens of the state and who led the conal meetings
grand vizier
“sacred place”; the private domain of an ottoman sultans, where he and his wife’s resided
harem
an appointed official of ottoman empire who collected taxes, maintained law and order, and was directly responsible to the sultans court
pasha
a group of religious advisers to the ottomans sultans; this group administered the legal system and schools for educating Muslims
ulema
the ruler of Iran or Persia
shah
traditional beliefs, especially in religion
orthodoxy
political disorder; lawlessness
anarchy
a local official in mogul India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government
zamindars
the Hindu custom of cremating a widow on her husbands funeral pyre
suttee
the ottomans mastered what new technology
firearms
the ottomans defeated the Serbs in what battle
battle of kosouo in 1389
when did the byzantine empire fall
may 29, 1453
what was the turning point for the Turks
the capturing of Constantinople
Mehmed II renamed Constantinople what
Istanbul
when did sultan Selim I conquer Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia
1514 to 1517
what did the ottomans control
the Balkans and the Anatolian
the Spanish destroyed what that belonged to the ottomans
a large fleet
what was the ottoman empire called
gunpowder empire
how do you become a sultan
its hereditary
what happened to sultans who lost the struggles
they got executed
what happened to the mother when her son became a sultan
they became known as queen mother, they acted as a major advisor to the throne
who governed the provinces in the ottoman empire
each province was governed by officials
the topkapi is known as? when was it built?
“the iron gate”, a palace in Istanbul that was the center of the sultan’s power and it was built in the 15 century
what are the 4 main occupational groups in the ottoman society
peasants, artisans, merchants. and pastoral people
the merchants were the most what in the ottoman society
they were the most privleged
women were not allowed to own what in ottoman society
land and could not inherit property
women could not be forced into what
marriage
what was the greatest contribution to the ottoman empire
architecture
how did the ottomans modeled their churches after what
Hagia Sofia
how many churches did sinon built? what was one of his masterpieces
he built 81 and his masterpieces was Suleymaniye Mosque
Suleyman I was known as what
the greatest ruler
why did Suleyman execute his two most able sons
due to suspicion of treason
when was coffee introduced
16 to 17 century
after the collapse of Timur lenk in the 15 century what happened to Asia
it fell into anarchy
when and who found the Safavids dynasty
16 century and was founded by Shah Esma’il
Esma’il called himself the new what of new Persia
Shah
Esma’il sent shia preachers to convert members of Turkish tribes in what empire
ottoman
When Selim I (ottoman sultan) advanced against the Safavids did he win
yes he won the battle near Tabriz but years later Esma’il regained the region again
How did the janissaries serve the Ottoman state? (L.1)
The janissaries were trained as foot soldiers or administrators and they served the sultan, or Ottoman leader. They also mastered the use of firearms.
when did the Safavid dynasty end
18 century
who took advantage over the collapse of the Safavid dynasty
the Turks siezed up all the territories along the western border causing Persia to sink into a long period of political and social anarchy
What elite force comprised the Ottoman military? (L.1)
janissaries
Why was the Ottoman Empire often called a “gunpowder empire”? (L.1)
The Ottoman Empire uses firearms to unify their conquered regions.
Describe the position of the mother of the sultan in the Ottoman system of rule (L.1)
Per tradition, the mother of the sultan served as a major adviser to the throne, which gave considerable power to the queen mother.
why was Akbar known as the greatest
for conquering mogul monarchs and humane character
Describe the position of the grand vizier in the Ottoman system of rule (L.1)
The sultan’s chief minister who carried main burdens of the state and led the council meetings
Describe the position of the pashas in the Ottoman system of rule (L.1)
Appointed official who collected taxes, maintained law and order, and was directly responsible to the court
Describe the position of the mother of the sultan in the Ottoman system of rule (L.1)
Per tradition, the mother of the sultan served as a major adviser to the throne, which gave considerable power to the queen mother.
What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on Eastern Europe? (L.1)
The Ottomans, after their many conquests, had control over Constantinople(Istanbul), which was the crossroads to many trade routes. Due to this, Europeans had to look for alternative trade routes, which led to their discover of Africa and the Americas.
what did Aurangzeb do to his brother and father
he sentenced his brother to death and inprissioned his father
How did the Ottoman Turks draw upon Byzantine architectural style? (L.1)
The Ottomans modeled their mosques after Constantinople’s Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia by creating a prayer hall with an open central area under one large dome. This new style of architecture reflected the merger of Turkish and Byzantine cultures within this rapidly growing multi-ethnic empire.
What impact did the Shia faith of the Șafavids have on the empire? (L.2)
The Ṣafavids were faced with the problem of integrating various Turkish peoples with the settled Persian-speaking population of the urban areas. The Shia faith was used as a unifying force. Esmā’īl made conversion to the Shia faith mandatory for the largely Sunni population.
in the 1500 moguls and not natives of India built a new dynasty founded by
Babur
Even though Babur had a small army he was able to take over Delh how
with advanced weapons and artillery
in the18 centuary prosperity was sheken by what
decline of moguls and arrival of british
What are the origins and central ideas of Sikhism? (L.3)
Guru Nanak had a vision in which God revealed that everyone is a child of God and all faiths are different paths towards the same Creator. Nanak then traveled widely, preaching a monotheistic message that emphasized devotion to a formless, infinite One (or single God) that can be found in everyone and in all of nature. Guru Nanak taught that God is formless, all-powerful, all-loving, and without fear or hate towards anyone. One can achieve unity with God through service to humanity, meditation, and honest labor.
During the Mogul Dynasty in India, what Indian products were valued as items of trade by Arab traders, and what was received in exchange for the goods?
The Moguls traded textiles, tropical food products and precious stones for gold and silver.
when did Akbar die
1605
who succeeded Akbar? what did he do?
His son Jahangir who strengthen the central government
what did Jahan do for the empire
he maintained the political system, and expanded boundaries
why did Jahans subjects live in poverty
military campaigns and expensive building made hi, raise taxes
what did Aurangzeb do to his brother and father
he sentenced his brother to death and inprissioned his father
Explain why, despite trading activities, Safavid Persia had difficulty attaining greater success through trading. (L.2)
The Safavids were closed in by European sea power to the south and the land power of the Ottomans to the west, blocking most trade routes.
How did the Mongolian invasions impact India? (L.3)
.
During the Mogul Dynasty in India, what Indian products were valued as items of trade by Arab traders, and what was received in exchange for the goods?
The Moguls traded textiles, tropical food products and precious stones for gold and silver.
Aurangzeb was crowned when
1658
what did Aurangzeb do during his reign
he expanded the boundaries, forbid suttee, stop levying taxes, forbid gambling and drinking
when did Aurangzeb die
1707
what happened after the death of Aurangzeb
many people for the throne, India divided and unusable then in 1739 Delhi was sacked by Persians leaving noting
Which cultural influences did the Moguls bring together as they developed a new architecture style and create structures, such as the Taj Mahal?
Persian and Indian
How did the Mogul Empire impact the development of Sikhism?
Sikhs initially experienced hostility and persecution from Mogul officials. Slowly, however, Sikhs built a strong religious and economic community and, in the middle of the eighteenth century, created an independent kingdom in the Punjab.
who found Sikhism
Nanak
nanak was the first what
guru
In 1650, British trading ports were established where
Surat, Fort William (which was renamed Calcutta and is now the city of Kolkata), and Madras (Chennai)
What did the British trade?
Traded Indian-made cotton goods to the East Indies, where they were traded for spices
What was the effect of the British success in India?
Their success attracted France especially, and they set up their own forts along the coast, even capturing a British fort at Madras.
Who was Sir Robert Clive?
An aggressive British empire builder, chief representative in India of the East India Company, helped stopped French advances
Know this because I’m too lazy to type a question down:
While fighting the French, Clive was also consolidating British control in Bengal. The Indian ruler of Bengal had attacked Fort William in 1756. He had imprisoned the British garrison in the “Black Hole of Calcutta,” an underground prison. Due to the intense heat in the crowded space, only 23 people (out of 146) survived.
What happened in the Battle of Plassey?
In 1757 Clive led a small British force of about 3,000 to victory over a Mogul-led army more than 10 times its size in the Battle of Plassey in Bengal. As part of the spoils of victory, the failing Mogul court gave the East India Company the power to collect taxes from lands in the area around Calcutta.
