us history ch 17-18 Flashcards
What were some of the characteristics of Portuguese ships?
fast, low cost and better maps
What piece of land did Bartholomew Dias name?
cape of good hope
What did Vasco de Gama take over?
the spice trade
columbous reached the americas with whose support
queen Isabella
ferdinand magellan named what
strait of magellan
who killed ferdinand magellan
philippines indigious people
Where and when did the Nazca emerged?
Around 200BC in present-Peru
what did the treaty of tordesillas state
east belongs to portugual, west belongs to spain, routes to americas belongs to spain, and portugal had everything going from the tip of africa to india
john cobalt found what
new england coast
Where and when did the Nazca emerged?
Around 200BC in present-Peru
Where and when did the Moche emerged?
700AD along Moche River (now Equador)
pedro cabral found what
brazil
amerigo vespucci florentine named the islands he landened on what
the americas
spanish conquerors of america are called what
conquistadors
what was the plan(encomienia)?
spanish settlers protect, care for, and christianize indians
-> indians work a portion of their time for spanish settlers.
what was the reality of the Encomienia plan?
spanish settlers force long labor don’t pay indian workers, fail to protect indians, and seized indian lands -> indians die from diesease and harsh living and working conditions
where did spain control?
south america and parts of central and north america
where was portugal considered the ruler of?
brazil, latin america( central and south america)
What tradition was part of the Nazca?
Etching pictures, such as geometric animals and humans, into the dirt
where did hernan cortas landed
veracruz
franciso pizarro stole what
stael weaopons, gunpowder, and horses
dutch established what and were located in where in the americas
new york state and a fur trade
what did french establish in americas
quebec and Louisiana
what did english establish in americas
jamestown in virgina
colonial latin divided classes based on what?
status
what are the social classes in order from highest to lowest?
peninsularel,creoles,native americans/africans,mestizos,mulattoes
who are the peninsulares?
officials born in europe or who came from iberian peninsula (highest of classes)
who are the creoles?
born in latin america, descendants of peninsulares (second class)
who are the mestizos?
european and native american children
What was special about the Moche’s pottery?
Their pottery depicts war
What happened in 700AD to the Moche?
They were replaced by the Chimore kingdom for 400 years
the baltic sea divided into how many roman empire states
300
the war between the king and the parliment was over what
to determine each role they play in governing eglnad
tudor dynasty ended when
when queen elizabeth died
What were the three purposes of the Royal Court of Versailles?
- Household of the king
- location of chief officer of the court
- Where powerful people came to find favor or positions on the court
what was the testact
only angelecans could hold military amd civil offices
why did james 2 send his wife and son to france
to protect them
what is banking
money magement
what were the negative effects that euope and americas trade had on the people
the poeple were almost wiped out by disesas and forced labor
Whose control was France under?
Louis XIV (14th)
Who was Richelieu and what was significant about him?
50 years before Louis, there was a government struggle, so he set up spies (Cardinals) to uncover nobles
What did Louis XIV built while he was in power?
The Royal Court of Versailles and roads and canals
how did the people get the salves across the Atlantic ocean
by the triangular trade route
what were slaves sold for
gold and guns
what was the impact of the human slave trade
areas depopulated and deprived, increase in wars and raids, loss of faith, human scarifies are common, African culture blended with Brazil and the Caribbean
How did Louis XIV maintain religious harmony?
By converting Huguenots to Catholics
How did the Huguenots react to Louis XIV’s Huguenot converting?
Most fled to either England, United Providences (Norway), or the German states
Who did Louis XIV want to increase mercantilism?
Jean Baptiste Colbert
caravel
a small, fast, maneuverable ship that had a large cargo hold and usually three masts with lateen sails
colony
a settlement of people living in a new territory
mercantilism
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century
plantation
a large agricultural estate
peninsulare
a person born on the Iberian Peninsula
creole
a person of European descent
mestizo
a person of mixed European and Native American descent
mulatto
a person of mixed African and European descent
encomienda
a system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas
mita
a labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work
draft
to select for some purpose; to conscript
heretic
one who does not conform to established doctrine
armada
a fleet of warships
What is absolution?
The process of being released from guilt, punishment, obligation
divine right of kings
the belief that the king gets his power from God
Puritans
English Protestants
Cavaliers
supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War
Roundheads
supporters of the Parliament in the English Civil War
What did Fredrick do for Prussia?
brought new bureaucratic instruments to government(many became junkers), built good large army (4th largest in Europe), set up war commissionariats to levy taxes for army and overgrowth (became civilian agency)
restoration
a bringing back to a former position or condition
stability
the state of being stable
absolutism
a political system in which a ruler holds total power
absolute monarchy
a form of monarchy where the power of the monarch is not limited by laws or a constitution
authority
power; person in command
emerge
to become; manifest
czar
Russian for caesar
How would Jean Baptiste Colbert increase mercantilism?
By decreasing imports and increasing exports
What legacy did Louis XIV leave behind?
In 1715, he died and left France surrounded by enemies and his people in poverty
boyar
a Russian noble
baroque
an artistic style of the seventeenth century
decline
to change to a lower state or level
baroque
an artistic style of the seventeenth century
where did the spread of absolution fail
spain
What was the result of the 30 year war
formation of 300 German states which gave them independence
What two great European powers emerged?
Prussia and Austria
Who was the leader of Prussia
Fredrick William the Great Elector
Who was the leader of Austria
Hapsbergs
How were the Hapsbergs significant?
They played a significant role in European politics(Hapsbergs emperor located in Holy Roman Empire), centralized collection of territories that were held together by the HB emperor
Who was the Hapsbergs emperor?
The archduke of Austria and king of Bohemia and Hungary (each country still had own laws and political life)
Who did Russia emerge as a powerful state under?
Peter the Great
Who was the first czar of Russia?
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
What did Ivan IV do for Russia?
Expanded territory east, crushed nobility and voyagers
What was the nickname for Ivan IV and why?
Ivan the Terrible
Why? Well, he’s really bad, stabbed his son to death yk
Which family came after Ivan IV?
The Romanovs
Which Romanov was chosen for czar by the people and when?
Michael Romanov, 1613
How long did the Romanov dynasty last?
All the way till 1917
When did Peter the Great become leader?
1689
Who was Peter the Great?
Absolute ruler, claimed divine right, modernization of army and navy (greatest military til death in 1725), introduced manners?(allowed upper class women to remove veils), built Saint Petersburg on Baltic port for the Russian Navy in 1703 (Window to West capital till 1918), divided country into providences
It’s a lot, I know
Very productive man
How did Peter the Great modernized the army and navy?
Drafted peasants who must serve 25 years
What did Peter the Great built and what was significant about it?
Built St. Petersburg in 1703 for navy
Window to West Capital
What was Mannerism?
Movement in the 1520s and 1530s in Italy, end of the Renaissance
What was Baroque?
artistic style of the 17th century, had complex, bold contracting elements, spread to the rest of Europe
The French colonies had what in the americas?
Strong military growth
