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sChOoL tEsT rEvIeWs > us history ch 17-18 > Flashcards

us history ch 17-18 Flashcards

1
Q

What were some of the characteristics of Portuguese ships?

A

fast, low cost and better maps

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2
Q

What piece of land did Bartholomew Dias name?

A

cape of good hope

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3
Q

What did Vasco de Gama take over?

A

the spice trade

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4
Q

columbous reached the americas with whose support

A

queen Isabella

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5
Q

ferdinand magellan named what

A

strait of magellan

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6
Q

who killed ferdinand magellan

A

philippines indigious people

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7
Q

Where and when did the Nazca emerged?

A

Around 200BC in present-Peru

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8
Q

what did the treaty of tordesillas state

A

east belongs to portugual, west belongs to spain, routes to americas belongs to spain, and portugal had everything going from the tip of africa to india

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9
Q

john cobalt found what

A

new england coast

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10
Q

Where and when did the Nazca emerged?

A

Around 200BC in present-Peru

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11
Q

Where and when did the Moche emerged?

A

700AD along Moche River (now Equador)

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12
Q

pedro cabral found what

A

brazil

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13
Q

amerigo vespucci florentine named the islands he landened on what

A

the americas

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14
Q

spanish conquerors of america are called what

A

conquistadors

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15
Q

what was the plan(encomienia)?

A

spanish settlers protect, care for, and christianize indians
-> indians work a portion of their time for spanish settlers.

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16
Q

what was the reality of the Encomienia plan?

A

spanish settlers force long labor don’t pay indian workers, fail to protect indians, and seized indian lands -> indians die from diesease and harsh living and working conditions

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17
Q

where did spain control?

A

south america and parts of central and north america

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18
Q

where was portugal considered the ruler of?

A

brazil, latin america( central and south america)

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19
Q

What tradition was part of the Nazca?

A

Etching pictures, such as geometric animals and humans, into the dirt

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20
Q

where did hernan cortas landed

A

veracruz

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21
Q

franciso pizarro stole what

A

stael weaopons, gunpowder, and horses

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22
Q

dutch established what and were located in where in the americas

A

new york state and a fur trade

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23
Q

what did french establish in americas

A

quebec and Louisiana

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24
Q

what did english establish in americas

A

jamestown in virgina

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25
Q

colonial latin divided classes based on what?

A

status

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26
Q

what are the social classes in order from highest to lowest?

A

peninsularel,creoles,native americans/africans,mestizos,mulattoes

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27
Q

who are the peninsulares?

A

officials born in europe or who came from iberian peninsula (highest of classes)

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28
Q

who are the creoles?

A

born in latin america, descendants of peninsulares (second class)

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29
Q

who are the mestizos?

A

european and native american children

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30
Q

What was special about the Moche’s pottery?

A

Their pottery depicts war

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31
Q

What happened in 700AD to the Moche?

A

They were replaced by the Chimore kingdom for 400 years

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32
Q

the baltic sea divided into how many roman empire states

A

300

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33
Q

the war between the king and the parliment was over what

A

to determine each role they play in governing eglnad

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34
Q

tudor dynasty ended when

A

when queen elizabeth died

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35
Q

What were the three purposes of the Royal Court of Versailles?

A
  1. Household of the king
  2. location of chief officer of the court
  3. Where powerful people came to find favor or positions on the court
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36
Q

what was the testact

A

only angelecans could hold military amd civil offices

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37
Q

why did james 2 send his wife and son to france

A

to protect them

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38
Q

what is banking

A

money magement

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39
Q

what were the negative effects that euope and americas trade had on the people

A

the poeple were almost wiped out by disesas and forced labor

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40
Q

Whose control was France under?

A

Louis XIV (14th)

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41
Q

Who was Richelieu and what was significant about him?

A

50 years before Louis, there was a government struggle, so he set up spies (Cardinals) to uncover nobles

42
Q

What did Louis XIV built while he was in power?

A

The Royal Court of Versailles and roads and canals

43
Q

how did the people get the salves across the Atlantic ocean

A

by the triangular trade route

44
Q

what were slaves sold for

A

gold and guns

45
Q

what was the impact of the human slave trade

A

areas depopulated and deprived, increase in wars and raids, loss of faith, human scarifies are common, African culture blended with Brazil and the Caribbean

46
Q

How did Louis XIV maintain religious harmony?

A

By converting Huguenots to Catholics

47
Q

How did the Huguenots react to Louis XIV’s Huguenot converting?

A

Most fled to either England, United Providences (Norway), or the German states

48
Q

Who did Louis XIV want to increase mercantilism?

A

Jean Baptiste Colbert

49
Q

caravel

A

a small, fast, maneuverable ship that had a large cargo hold and usually three masts with lateen sails

50
Q

colony

A

a settlement of people living in a new territory

51
Q

mercantilism

A

a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century

52
Q

plantation

A

a large agricultural estate

53
Q

peninsulare

A

a person born on the Iberian Peninsula

54
Q

creole

A

a person of European descent

55
Q

mestizo

A

a person of mixed European and Native American descent

56
Q

mulatto

A

a person of mixed African and European descent

57
Q

encomienda

A

a system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas

58
Q

mita

A

a labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work

59
Q

draft

A

to select for some purpose; to conscript

60
Q

heretic

A

one who does not conform to established doctrine

61
Q

armada

A

a fleet of warships

62
Q

What is absolution?

A

The process of being released from guilt, punishment, obligation

63
Q

divine right of kings

A

the belief that the king gets his power from God

64
Q

Puritans

A

English Protestants

65
Q

Cavaliers

A

supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War

66
Q

Roundheads

A

supporters of the Parliament in the English Civil War

67
Q

What did Fredrick do for Prussia?

A

brought new bureaucratic instruments to government(many became junkers), built good large army (4th largest in Europe), set up war commissionariats to levy taxes for army and overgrowth (became civilian agency)

68
Q

restoration

A

a bringing back to a former position or condition

69
Q

stability

A

the state of being stable

70
Q

absolutism

A

a political system in which a ruler holds total power

71
Q

absolute monarchy

A

a form of monarchy where the power of the monarch is not limited by laws or a constitution

72
Q

authority

A

power; person in command

73
Q

emerge

A

to become; manifest

74
Q

czar

A

Russian for caesar

75
Q

How would Jean Baptiste Colbert increase mercantilism?

A

By decreasing imports and increasing exports

76
Q

What legacy did Louis XIV leave behind?

A

In 1715, he died and left France surrounded by enemies and his people in poverty

77
Q

boyar

A

a Russian noble

78
Q

baroque

A

an artistic style of the seventeenth century

79
Q

decline

A

to change to a lower state or level

80
Q

baroque

A

an artistic style of the seventeenth century

81
Q

where did the spread of absolution fail

A

spain

82
Q

What was the result of the 30 year war

A

formation of 300 German states which gave them independence

83
Q

What two great European powers emerged?

A

Prussia and Austria

84
Q

Who was the leader of Prussia

A

Fredrick William the Great Elector

85
Q

Who was the leader of Austria

A

Hapsbergs

86
Q

How were the Hapsbergs significant?

A

They played a significant role in European politics(Hapsbergs emperor located in Holy Roman Empire), centralized collection of territories that were held together by the HB emperor

87
Q

Who was the Hapsbergs emperor?

A

The archduke of Austria and king of Bohemia and Hungary (each country still had own laws and political life)

88
Q

Who did Russia emerge as a powerful state under?

A

Peter the Great

89
Q

Who was the first czar of Russia?

A

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

90
Q

What did Ivan IV do for Russia?

A

Expanded territory east, crushed nobility and voyagers

91
Q

What was the nickname for Ivan IV and why?

A

Ivan the Terrible

Why? Well, he’s really bad, stabbed his son to death yk

92
Q

Which family came after Ivan IV?

A

The Romanovs

93
Q

Which Romanov was chosen for czar by the people and when?

A

Michael Romanov, 1613

94
Q

How long did the Romanov dynasty last?

A

All the way till 1917

95
Q

When did Peter the Great become leader?

A

1689

96
Q

Who was Peter the Great?

A

Absolute ruler, claimed divine right, modernization of army and navy (greatest military til death in 1725), introduced manners?(allowed upper class women to remove veils), built Saint Petersburg on Baltic port for the Russian Navy in 1703 (Window to West capital till 1918), divided country into providences

It’s a lot, I know
Very productive man

97
Q

How did Peter the Great modernized the army and navy?

A

Drafted peasants who must serve 25 years

98
Q

What did Peter the Great built and what was significant about it?

A

Built St. Petersburg in 1703 for navy

Window to West Capital

99
Q

What was Mannerism?

A

Movement in the 1520s and 1530s in Italy, end of the Renaissance

100
Q

What was Baroque?

A

artistic style of the 17th century, had complex, bold contracting elements, spread to the rest of Europe

101
Q

The French colonies had what in the americas?

A

Strong military growth

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