Chemistry chp 12

Question 1

describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion; makes several assumptions about size, motion, and energy of gas particles

Answer 1

kinetic-molecular theory

Question 2

collision in which no kinetic energy is lost; kinetic energy can be transferred between the colliding particles, but the total kinetic energy of the two particles remains the same

Answer 2

elastic collision

Question 3

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the two particles in a sample of matter

Answer 3

temperature

Question 4

the movement of one material through another from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 4

diffusion

Question 5

states that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the source root of its molar mass

Answer 5

graham’s law of effusion

Question 6

force applied per unit area

Answer 6

pressure

Question 7

an instrument that is used to measure atmospheric pressure

Answer 7

barometer

Question 8

the SI unit of pressure; one pascal (Pa) is equal to a force of one newton per square meter

Answer 8

pascal

Question 9

the unit that is often used to report air pressure

Answer 9

atmosphere

Question 10

states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all the gases in the mixture

Answer 10

Dalton’s law of partial pressure

Question 11

the weak forces resulting from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in electron clouds

Answer 11

dispersion forces

Question 12

the attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

Answer 12

dipole-dipole forces

Question 13

a strong dipole-dipole attraction between molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom

Answer 13

hydrogen bond

Question 14

a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow, which is affected by the size and shape of particles, and generally increases as the temperature decreases and as intermolecular forces increases

Answer 14

viscosity

Question 15

the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount; results from uneven distribution of attractive forces

Answer 15

surface tension

Question 16

a compound, such as soap, that lowers the surface tension of water by disrupting hydrogen bonds between water molecules; also called a surface active agent

Answer 16

surfactant

Question 17

a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an orderly, geometric, three dimensional structure

Answer 17

crystalline solid

Question 18

the smallest arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice that has the same symmetry as the whole crystal; a small representative part of a larger whole

Answer 18

unit cell

Question 19

one of two or more forms of an element with different structures and properties when they are in the same state- solid, liquid, or gas

Answer 19

allotrope

Question 20

a solid in which particles are not arranged in a regular, repeating pattern, that often is formed when molten material cools too quickly to form crystals

Answer 20

amorphous

Question 21

for a crystalline solid, the temperature a which the forces holding a crystal lattice together are broken and it becomes a liquid

Answer 21

melting point

Question 22

the energy requiring process by which a liquid changes to a gas or vapor

Answer 22

vaporization

Question 23

the pressure in which vaporization occurs only at the surface of a liquid

Answer 23

evaporation

Question 24

the pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid

Answer 24

vapor pressure

Question 25

the temperature at when liquids vapor pressure is equal to the external or atmospheric pressure

Answer 25

boiling pressure

Question 26

the temperature at which a liquids vapor pressure is equal to the external or atmospheric pressure

Answer 26

boiling pressure

Question 27

the temperature at which a liquid is converted into a a crystalline solid

Answer 27

freezing point

Question 28

the energy releasing process by which a gas or vapor becomes a liquid

Answer 28

condensation

Question 29

the energy releasing process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a solid without changing into a liquid

Answer 29

decomposition

Question 30

a graph of pressure versus temperature that sows which phase a substance exists in under different conditions of temperature and pressures

Answer 30

phase diagram

Question 31

the point on a phase diagram representing the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of a substance (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist

Answer 31

triple point