World History Ch. 5 Flashcards
Work
in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life
Karma
Any one of the four classes understood by the ancient Vedic Aryans to compose the ideal social order
Varnas
The rigid categories based on birth and occupation that identify and determine a person’s station in society
Caste System
the major Indian religious system, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled in India after 1500 b.c.
Hinduism
a method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with Brahman
Yoga
the rebirth of an individual’s soul in a different form after death
Recarnation
in Hinduism, the complex concept of duty, law, and right conduct that establishes and sustains order and the world.
Dharma
a religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the sixth century b.c. by Siddhārtha Gautama, known as the Buddha, or “Enlightened One”
Buddism
in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul
Nirvana
a set of routes extending from the Mediterranean Sea to China along which silk was a major article of trade and exchange
Silk Road
a person who travels to a shrine or other holy place
Pilgrim
the earliest surviving Indian literature; contains hymns, stories, and charms that transmitted orally by specialists and only written down in modern times
Vedas
Hindu teachings about what significantly influenced non-Aryans? (Lesson 1)
karma and reincarnation
What are karma and dharma, and how do they relate to Hinduism?
Karma: action->consequence
Dharma: divine law you’re expected to follow
Hinduism has duties that its followers are required to carry out. If so, then one can be reborn into a higher existence.
What are the four varnas?
Priests (Brahmins), warrior-administators (Kshatiryas), “folk”-farmers, artisans, etc. (vaisya), sudras (servants)
a persons caste in indian society was determined by
birth
brahma the creato, Vishnu the preserver, and shiva the destroyer were
the chief hindu gods
Siddhartha Gautama came to be known as
the “Enlightened One”
According to the Eightfold Path, right action requires followers of Buddhism to do what?
not kill, steal, lie, be unchaste, or consume alcohol or drugs.
According to the Eightfold Path, right view requires Buddhists to
know the Four Noble Truths
According to Siddhartha Gautama, a person can reach enlightenment through
Meditation
Both Hindus and Buddhists
believe in reincarnation
Buddhists differ from Hindus in that Buddhists believe
that all humans can reach nirvana as a result of their behavior in this life
Siddhartha Gautama believed it was important for people to do what?
be responsible for their own lives
In the Eightfold Path, right speech insists that Buddhists
speak the truth and speak well of others
Siddhartha Gautama left his wife and family because he wanted to do what?
seek a cure for human suffering and find the meaning of life
Asoka, the greatest ruler in Indian history used what ideals?
Used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule
What Indian literary work is an epic that includes riddles about the meaning of life?
The Mahabharata
From whom did the Kushans adapt their alphabet?
The Greeks
What Indian civilization emerged as a classical civilization of lasting value?
The Guptas
Structures built in the form of burial mounds to house a relic of the Buddha were called?
Stupas
Under the reign of _____, India became a major crossroads in a trade network that extended from the rim of the Pacific to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Sea.
Asoka
Located between the influential cultures, the Kushan Empire was shaped by contact with China, Persia and __________
The Roman Empire
Which of the following religions that originated in Persia, was practiced in the Kushan Empire?
Zoroastrianism
What key lesson of Indian society does the Bhagavad Gita contain?
In taking action, one must not worry about failure or success
After the Arabs conquered large parts of India in the eighth century A.D., they…
adopted the Indian numeric system.
