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Medical Terms > Word Root: Chapter 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Word Root: Chapter 1 + 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Word Root

A

Foundation of the word that contain its main meaning

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2
Q

What language(s) is word root derived from?

A

Latin and Greek

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3
Q

What is it called when the word root is combined with a vowel?

A

Combined Form
ex: megaly combined to gastr
gastr/o /megaly= gastromegaly

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4
Q

Suffix

A

condition, therapeutic or diagnostic procedure; “what are you doing to it”
denotes singular or plural form of the word

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5
Q

Where is the suffix?

A

At the end of the word

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6
Q

-Itis

A

Inflammation (suffix)

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7
Q

-megaly

A

Enlargement (suffix)

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8
Q

-oma

A

Tumor (suffix)

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9
Q

-cyte

A

cell (suffix)

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10
Q

Prefix

A

indicating a number, time, position, measurement, or direction; “tells you where it is”
ex: PRE/natal- period before birth
POST/natal- period after birth

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11
Q

Where is the prefix?

A

Placed at the beginning of the word

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12
Q

Hyper

A

Excessive, or above normal (prefix)

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13
Q

Hypo

A

Below, or less than (prefix)

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14
Q

The steps to defining medical terms?

A
  1. Define the suffix (last part of word)
  2. Define the prefix (first part of the word)
  3. Define the middle part of the word
    last things first, first things second, middle at the end
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15
Q

The most used vowel for the combining form?

A

“o” (enables two or more word elements to be connected)

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16
Q

Type of Suffix:

Surgical

A

describes a type of invasive procedure performed on the body part
ex: append/ ectomy
arthr/o/ centesis
lith/o/ tripsy

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17
Q

-ectomy

A

removal; excision (surgical suffix)

ex: append/ectomy- surgical removal of appendix

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18
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture (surgical suffix)

ex: arthr/o/ centesis- surgical puncture of the joint

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19
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing (surgical suffix)

ex: lith/o/ tripsy- crushing a stone

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20
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, separation, loosening (surgical suffix)

ex: thromb/o/ lysis- destruction or separation of a blood clot

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21
Q

-clasis

A

surgical fracture; to break (surgical suffix)

ex: oste/o/ clasis- surgical fracture of a bone performed to correct a deformity

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22
Q

-pexy

A

fixation of an organ (surgical suffix)

ex: mast/o/ pexy- fixation of the breasts

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23
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture (surgical suffix)

ex: my/o/ rrhaphy- suture of a muscle

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24
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair (surgical suffix)

ex: rhin/o/ plasty- surgical repair of the nose

25
Q

-stomy

A

forming an opening (mouth) (surgical suffix)

ex: trache/o/ stomy- windpipe

26
Q

-desis

A

fixation of bone or joint; binding (surgical suffix)

ex: arthr/o/ desis- fusion of bones in an unstable joint

27
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut (surgical suffix)

ex: oste/o/ tome- instrument to cut bone

28
Q

-tomy

A

incision (surgical suffix)

ex: trache/o/ tomy- incision of the trachea

29
Q

Diagnostic Suffixes

A 
Denote a procedure or test performed to identify 
the cause and nature of an illness
ex: electr/o/cardio/gram
gastr/o/ scopy
encephal/o/ graphy
30
Q

-scope

A

instrument for examining (diagnostic suffix)

ex: endoscope

31
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination (diagnostic suffix)

ex: endoscopy

32
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording (diagnostic suffix)

ex: electrocardiograph

33
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording (diagnostic suffix)

ex: electrocardiography

34
Q

-meter

A

instrument for measuring (diagnostic suffix)

ex: spirometer

35
Q

-metry

A

act of measuring (diagnostic suffix)

ex: spirometry

36
Q

-gram

A

record, writing (diagnostic suffix)

ex: electrocardiogram

37
Q

Pathological Suffixes

A

Describe an abnormal condition or a disease
neur/algia
gastr/itis
hem/o/rrhage

38
Q

-algia/ dynia

A

pain (pathological suffix)

ex: neur/ algia- nerve pain

39
Q

gen/ genesis

A

forming, producing, origin (pathological suffix)

ex: carcinogen- substance that increases risk of caner
carcinogenesis- transformation (long process)

40
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting (pathological suffix)

ex: hyperemesis- excessive vomiting

41
Q

-edema

A

swelling (pathological suffix)

ex: angioedema- swelling of blood vessels

42
Q

-cele

A

hernia, or swelling (pathological suffix)

ex: hepatocele- protrusion of the liver through the diaphram

43
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition (pathological suffix)

ex:cyanosis- bluish coloration of blood cells

44
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary twitching (pathological suffix)

ex: blepharospasm- twitching of the eyelid

45
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture (pathological suffix)

ex: arteriostenosis- narrowing of the artery

46
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow (pathological suffix)

ex: rhinorrhea- runny nose

47
Q

-pathy

A

disease
(pathological suffix)

ex: myopathy- disease of the muscle

48
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture
(pathological suffix)

ex: arteriorrhexis- rupture of artery

49
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis (pathological suffix)

ex: quadriplegia- paralysis f four extremities

50
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion (pathological suffix)

ex: bronchiectasis- dilation of the bronchi

51
Q

-emia

A

blood condition (pathological suffix)

ex: leukemia- white blood cells (cancer of)
anemia- not enough blood cells

52
Q

Grammatical Suffixes

A 
Attached to word roots to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns
gastr/ic  (adjective)
neur/al (adjective)
obstetr/ician (noun)
pneumon/ia (noun)
53
Q

Diminutive Suffix

A 
Denote a smaller version of a word
tub/ ULE
 (small, minute)
arteri/ OLE
 (small, minute)
54
Q

adjective suffixes-
–ac, –al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ile,
and ous mean?

A

pertaining to

55
Q

Noun suffixes

–esis, -ia, and ism mean?

A

condition

56
Q

Noun suffixes

–ician and ist mean?

A

specialist

57
Q

Singular and Plural Suffixes

A 
Change when a word is modified from a singular to a plural form
diagno/sis to diagno/ses 
bronch/us to bron/chi
deform/ity to deformi/ities
Thrombus to Thrombi
Ovum to Ova
Fungus to fungi
58
Q

Noun suffix -iatry means?

A

Medicine; treatment

59
Q

Diminutive suffixes

  • icle
  • ole
  • ule mean?
A

Small, minute

Medical Terms (12 decks)

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