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Medical Terms > Integumentary System: Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Integumentary System: Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Integument (Integumentary)

A

The skin

-largest organ in the body

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2
Q

Accessory Organs

A

hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

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3
Q

The Integumentary System

A

composed of accessory organs and the skin

-skin protects the body and allows us sensation of touch

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4
Q

Nerve Fibers

A

beneath the skin’s surface provide sensations of temperature

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5
Q

The skin protects against?

A

dehydration, regulated body temperature, and protects against ultraviolet rays

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6
Q

What does the skin synthesize?

A

vitamin D

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7
Q

The skin consists of how many layers?

A

Two

  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • the subcutaneous layer binds the skin to the underlying tissues
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8
Q

The Subcutaneous layer Of Tissue

A

binds the dermis to underlying structures, stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature.

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9
Q

Melanocytes

A 
produce melanin (black pigment), protect the skin from sun damage
-in the basal layer
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10
Q

The Sebaceous Glands

A

produce oil

-accessory organ

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11
Q

Sensations Provided by the Skin

A

provides nerve endings that sense heat, cold, pressure and touch

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12
Q

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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13
Q

seb/o

A

sebum, sebaceous

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14
Q

pil/o, trich/o

A

hair

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15
Q

sudor/o, hidr/o

A

sweat

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16
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

abnormally excessive sweating that’s not necessarily related to higher temperatures or exercise

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17
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

produce sweat

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18
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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19
Q

erythem/o, erythemat/o, erythr/o

A

red

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20
Q

adip/o, lip/o, steat/o

A

fat

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21
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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22
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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23
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly

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24
Q

Ichthyosis

A

family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaling skin that may thickened or very thin

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25
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue; hard; cornea

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26
Q

xer/o, ichthy/o

A

dry

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27
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

28
Q

Xerosis

A

abnormally dry skin

29
Q

Scleroderma

A

group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissue (the fibers that provide the framework and support for your body)

30
Q

Onych-

A

nail

31
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

most common type of skin cancer, caused by overexposure to the sun

  • arises in basal layer of epidermis
  • flesh colored or brown
  • slow growing destructive
  • rarely metastasizes but is invasive
  • occurs mostly in blonde, fair-skinned individuals
32
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Signs and Symptoms

A
  • seen on sun exposed areas, mostly face
  • also on parts of the body not exposed to sunlight
  • pearly white, or waxy bump, often visible with blood cells
  • bump may bleed, develop a crust, or form a depression in the center
33
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Treatments

A
  • goal of complete eradication (destruction) of the lesions
  • Curettage (scraping) and electrodesiccation (burn)
  • Cryotherapy and laser therapy (freeze it)
  • Chemotherapeutic drugs – 5FU Cream Efudex
  • Surgical excision (used in 90% of cases)
34
Q

metastasis

A

the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site

35
Q

benign

A

harmless

36
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus at the infection site (Staphylococcal infection)
-Most common sites on hairy parts of the body exposed to irritation, pressure, friction, or moisture

37
Q

Abscess: Two Types

A
  • Furuncle (boil)

- Carbuncle

38
Q

Abscess: Furuncle

A

abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue

39
Q

Abscess: Carbuncle

A

several furuncles developing in adjoining hair follicles with multiple drainage sinuses (draining sites)

40
Q

Abscess: Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Affected portion of skin possibly extremely tender, painful, and swollen
  • Abscess possibly enlarged, softened, and open, discharging pus and necrotic material
  • Erythema and edema possibly persisting at the site for days or weeks
  • possibly accompanied by a fever
41
Q

Abscess: Treatment

A
  • Cleaning the infected area thoroughly with soap and water
  • Applying hot, wet compresses to the area to promote vasodilation and drainage from lesions
  • Incision and drainage (I&D) possibly necessary after the lesion has matured
42
Q

Psoriasis

A
  • Chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
  • Circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales
  • Epidermal cells produced six to nine times faster than normal
  • family history is seen
  • begins at any age
43
Q

Psoriasis: Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Common sites on scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia
  • Excessive development of the basal layer of the skin
  • Affected areas that typically appear dry, cracked, and encrusted
  • Pruritus (common complaint)
  • Buildup of skin composed of living and dead tissue
44
Q

Psoriasis: Treatments

A
  • many have serious side effects
  • Topical application of medications, such as coal tar, vitamin D, corticosteroid drugs, and wet dressings
  • Palliative only; no cure
  • UV light therapy
  • biological drugs
45
Q

excimer

A

a powerful form of UV light therapy directed to plaques is effective in controlling scaling and inflammation

46
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

Common inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands and their hair follicles
-characterized by appearance of
comedomes- black heads or whiteheads
papules- solid elevations less than 1 cm
pustules- small raised areas of the skin filled with pus
-usually on the face, chest, upper back, and shoulder’s
-mostly caused by hormone changes during puberty but can appear at any age

47
Q

Acne Vulgaris: Signs and Symptoms

A
  • acne plug that commonly appears first as a open comedome (blackhead) or a closed comedone (whitehead)
  • color In the comedome is caused by the melanin produced by the hair follicle, not by dirt
48
Q

Acne Vulgaris: Treatments

A

-Antibacterial solution applied to the skin, orally administered antibiotics, or both
-Topical agents, which may be used alone or in combination and are
applied with clean hands
-Skin kept as clean and dry as possible

49
Q

Scabies

A

contagious skin disease that is the result of infestation by the inch-mite
-transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact

50
Q

Scabies: Signs and Symptoms

A
  • Burrowing of parasite into the superficial layer of skin, appearing as short, wavy, brownish black lines
  • itching and rash(major complaint)
  • Commonly appear between the fingers, in the axillae, at the waist, and on the wrists, elbows, nipples, buttocks, and genitalia
51
Q

Scabies: Treatment

A 
Topical scabicide (cream or lotion) for chemical disinfection
-Antipruritics and oral antihistamines to reduce itching
52
Q

Impetigo

A

-Common contagious, superficial skin infection
-Marked by a fluid-filled blister that
-becomes pustular, ruptures, and forms a yellow crust
Vesicle (small fluid-filled blister)
Bulla (large fluid-filled blister)

53
Q

Impetigo: Signs and Symptoms

A

-Lesions beginning as macules, vesicles, and pustules, usually accompanied by pruritus
-Hardening of liquid and eventual formation of a thick, yellow crust
over the infected site possibly occurring anywhere, but most commonly on the mouth, nose, neck, or extremities

54
Q

Impetigo: Treatments

A
  • Good hygiene to prevent skin-to-skin or person-to person spread
  • wash your hands
55
Q

alopecia

A

absence or loss of hair, especially of the head;

also known as baldness

56
Q

debridement

A

removal of necrotized tissue from a traumatic

or infected area by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents; used to promote healing and prevent infection

57
Q

Diaphoresis

A

medical condition in which a person sweats
excessively and unpredictably even when the temperature is cool or when the individual is at rest

(Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound)

58
Q

Hirsutism

A

excessive growth of hair in unusual places,
especially in women; may be due to hypersecretion of
testosterone

59
Q

Mohs surgery

A

Removal of thin layers of skin cancer, particularly tumors with irregular shapes and depths
-Microscopic examination of each layer of excised tissue

60
Q

Scratch (prick) skin test

A

Identification of suspected allergens via placement of a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin Scratch (prick) skin test kit for allergy testing.

61
Q

Intradermal allergy skin test

A

Identification of suspected allergens via subcutaneous
injection of small amounts of extracts of the suspected
allergens and observation of the skin for subsequent
reaction Intradermal allergy test reactions.

62
Q

Biopsy

A

Tissue sample removed from the body for microscopic

examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

63
Q

to treat a bacterial skin infection your doctor prescribes what?

A

antibiotic

64
Q

what drug decreases inflammation and itching?

A

corticosteriod

65
Q

Allograft

A

Taken from human (transplant)

Medical Terms (12 decks)

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