Integumentary System: Chapter 5 Flashcards
Integument (Integumentary)
The skin
-largest organ in the body
Accessory Organs
hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
The Integumentary System
composed of accessory organs and the skin
-skin protects the body and allows us sensation of touch
Nerve Fibers
beneath the skin’s surface provide sensations of temperature
The skin protects against?
dehydration, regulated body temperature, and protects against ultraviolet rays
What does the skin synthesize?
vitamin D
The skin consists of how many layers?
Two
- epidermis
- dermis
- the subcutaneous layer binds the skin to the underlying tissues
The Subcutaneous layer Of Tissue
binds the dermis to underlying structures, stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature.
Melanocytes
produce melanin (black pigment), protect the skin from sun damage -in the basal layer
The Sebaceous Glands
produce oil
-accessory organ
Sensations Provided by the Skin
provides nerve endings that sense heat, cold, pressure and touch
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
skin
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
pil/o, trich/o
hair
sudor/o, hidr/o
sweat
Hyperhidrosis
abnormally excessive sweating that’s not necessarily related to higher temperatures or exercise
Sudoriferous glands
produce sweat
myc/o
fungus
erythem/o, erythemat/o, erythr/o
red
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
fat
neur/o
nerve
arteriol/o
arteriole
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
Ichthyosis
family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaling skin that may thickened or very thin
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea
xer/o, ichthy/o
dry
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
Xerosis
abnormally dry skin
Scleroderma
group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissue (the fibers that provide the framework and support for your body)
Onych-
nail
Basal Cell Carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer, caused by overexposure to the sun
- arises in basal layer of epidermis
- flesh colored or brown
- slow growing destructive
- rarely metastasizes but is invasive
- occurs mostly in blonde, fair-skinned individuals
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Signs and Symptoms
- seen on sun exposed areas, mostly face
- also on parts of the body not exposed to sunlight
- pearly white, or waxy bump, often visible with blood cells
- bump may bleed, develop a crust, or form a depression in the center
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Treatments
- goal of complete eradication (destruction) of the lesions
- Curettage (scraping) and electrodesiccation (burn)
- Cryotherapy and laser therapy (freeze it)
- Chemotherapeutic drugs – 5FU Cream Efudex
- Surgical excision (used in 90% of cases)
metastasis
the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site
benign
harmless
Abscess
Localized collection of pus at the infection site (Staphylococcal infection)
-Most common sites on hairy parts of the body exposed to irritation, pressure, friction, or moisture
Abscess: Two Types
- Furuncle (boil)
- Carbuncle
Abscess: Furuncle
abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue
Abscess: Carbuncle
several furuncles developing in adjoining hair follicles with multiple drainage sinuses (draining sites)
Abscess: Signs and Symptoms
- Affected portion of skin possibly extremely tender, painful, and swollen
- Abscess possibly enlarged, softened, and open, discharging pus and necrotic material
- Erythema and edema possibly persisting at the site for days or weeks
- possibly accompanied by a fever
Abscess: Treatment
- Cleaning the infected area thoroughly with soap and water
- Applying hot, wet compresses to the area to promote vasodilation and drainage from lesions
- Incision and drainage (I&D) possibly necessary after the lesion has matured
Psoriasis
- Chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
- Circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales
- Epidermal cells produced six to nine times faster than normal
- family history is seen
- begins at any age
Psoriasis: Signs and Symptoms
- Common sites on scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia
- Excessive development of the basal layer of the skin
- Affected areas that typically appear dry, cracked, and encrusted
- Pruritus (common complaint)
- Buildup of skin composed of living and dead tissue
Psoriasis: Treatments
- many have serious side effects
- Topical application of medications, such as coal tar, vitamin D, corticosteroid drugs, and wet dressings
- Palliative only; no cure
- UV light therapy
- biological drugs
excimer
a powerful form of UV light therapy directed to plaques is effective in controlling scaling and inflammation
Acne Vulgaris
Common inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands and their hair follicles
-characterized by appearance of
comedomes- black heads or whiteheads
papules- solid elevations less than 1 cm
pustules- small raised areas of the skin filled with pus
-usually on the face, chest, upper back, and shoulder’s
-mostly caused by hormone changes during puberty but can appear at any age
Acne Vulgaris: Signs and Symptoms
- acne plug that commonly appears first as a open comedome (blackhead) or a closed comedone (whitehead)
- color In the comedome is caused by the melanin produced by the hair follicle, not by dirt
Acne Vulgaris: Treatments
-Antibacterial solution applied to the skin, orally administered antibiotics, or both
-Topical agents, which may be used alone or in combination and are
applied with clean hands
-Skin kept as clean and dry as possible
Scabies
contagious skin disease that is the result of infestation by the inch-mite
-transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact
Scabies: Signs and Symptoms
- Burrowing of parasite into the superficial layer of skin, appearing as short, wavy, brownish black lines
- itching and rash(major complaint)
- Commonly appear between the fingers, in the axillae, at the waist, and on the wrists, elbows, nipples, buttocks, and genitalia
Scabies: Treatment
Topical scabicide (cream or lotion) for chemical disinfection -Antipruritics and oral antihistamines to reduce itching
Impetigo
-Common contagious, superficial skin infection
-Marked by a fluid-filled blister that
-becomes pustular, ruptures, and forms a yellow crust
Vesicle (small fluid-filled blister)
Bulla (large fluid-filled blister)
Impetigo: Signs and Symptoms
-Lesions beginning as macules, vesicles, and pustules, usually accompanied by pruritus
-Hardening of liquid and eventual formation of a thick, yellow crust
over the infected site possibly occurring anywhere, but most commonly on the mouth, nose, neck, or extremities
Impetigo: Treatments
- Good hygiene to prevent skin-to-skin or person-to person spread
- wash your hands
alopecia
absence or loss of hair, especially of the head;
also known as baldness
debridement
removal of necrotized tissue from a traumatic
or infected area by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents; used to promote healing and prevent infection
Diaphoresis
medical condition in which a person sweats
excessively and unpredictably even when the temperature is cool or when the individual is at rest
(Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound)
Hirsutism
excessive growth of hair in unusual places,
especially in women; may be due to hypersecretion of
testosterone
Mohs surgery
Removal of thin layers of skin cancer, particularly tumors with irregular shapes and depths
-Microscopic examination of each layer of excised tissue
Scratch (prick) skin test
Identification of suspected allergens via placement of a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin Scratch (prick) skin test kit for allergy testing.
Intradermal allergy skin test
Identification of suspected allergens via subcutaneous
injection of small amounts of extracts of the suspected
allergens and observation of the skin for subsequent
reaction Intradermal allergy test reactions.
Biopsy
Tissue sample removed from the body for microscopic
examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
to treat a bacterial skin infection your doctor prescribes what?
antibiotic
what drug decreases inflammation and itching?
corticosteriod
Allograft
Taken from human (transplant)
