Integumentary System: Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Integument (Integumentary)
A
The skin
-largest organ in the body
2
Q
Accessory Organs
A
hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
3
Q
The Integumentary System
A
composed of accessory organs and the skin
-skin protects the body and allows us sensation of touch
4
Q
Nerve Fibers
A
beneath the skin’s surface provide sensations of temperature
5
Q
The skin protects against?
A
dehydration, regulated body temperature, and protects against ultraviolet rays
6
Q
What does the skin synthesize?
A
vitamin D
7
Q
The skin consists of how many layers?
A
Two
- epidermis
- dermis
- the subcutaneous layer binds the skin to the underlying tissues
8
Q
The Subcutaneous layer Of Tissue
A
binds the dermis to underlying structures, stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature.
9
Q
Melanocytes
A
produce melanin (black pigment), protect the skin from sun damage -in the basal layer
10
Q
The Sebaceous Glands
A
produce oil
-accessory organ
11
Q
Sensations Provided by the Skin
A
provides nerve endings that sense heat, cold, pressure and touch
12
Q
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
A
skin
13
Q
seb/o
A
sebum, sebaceous
14
Q
pil/o, trich/o
A
hair
15
Q
sudor/o, hidr/o
A
sweat
16
Q
Hyperhidrosis
A
abnormally excessive sweating that’s not necessarily related to higher temperatures or exercise
17
Q
Sudoriferous glands
A
produce sweat
18
Q
myc/o
A
fungus
19
Q
erythem/o, erythemat/o, erythr/o
A
red
20
Q
adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
A
fat
21
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
22
Q
arteriol/o
A
arteriole
23
Q
ichthy/o
A
dry, scaly
24
Q
Ichthyosis
A
family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaling skin that may thickened or very thin
25
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea
26
xer/o, ichthy/o
dry
27
scler/o
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
28
Xerosis
abnormally dry skin
29
Scleroderma
group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissue (the fibers that provide the framework and support for your body)
30
Onych-
nail
31
Basal Cell Carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer, caused by overexposure to the sun
- arises in basal layer of epidermis
- flesh colored or brown
- slow growing destructive
- rarely metastasizes but is invasive
- occurs mostly in blonde, fair-skinned individuals
32
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Signs and Symptoms
- seen on sun exposed areas, mostly face
- also on parts of the body not exposed to sunlight
- pearly white, or waxy bump, often visible with blood cells
- bump may bleed, develop a crust, or form a depression in the center
33
Basal Cell Carcinoma: Treatments
- goal of complete eradication (destruction) of the lesions
- Curettage (scraping) and electrodesiccation (burn)
- Cryotherapy and laser therapy (freeze it)
- Chemotherapeutic drugs – 5FU Cream Efudex
- Surgical excision (used in 90% of cases)
34
metastasis
the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site
35
benign
harmless
36
Abscess
Localized collection of pus at the infection site (Staphylococcal infection)
-Most common sites on hairy parts of the body exposed to irritation, pressure, friction, or moisture
37
Abscess: Two Types
- Furuncle (boil)
| - Carbuncle
38
Abscess: Furuncle
abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue
39
Abscess: Carbuncle
several furuncles developing in adjoining hair follicles with multiple drainage sinuses (draining sites)
40
Abscess: Signs and Symptoms
- Affected portion of skin possibly extremely tender, painful, and swollen
- Abscess possibly enlarged, softened, and open, discharging pus and necrotic material
- Erythema and edema possibly persisting at the site for days or weeks
- possibly accompanied by a fever
41
Abscess: Treatment
- Cleaning the infected area thoroughly with soap and water
- Applying hot, wet compresses to the area to promote vasodilation and drainage from lesions
- Incision and drainage (I&D) possibly necessary after the lesion has matured
42
Psoriasis
- Chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
- Circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales
- Epidermal cells produced six to nine times faster than normal
- family history is seen
- begins at any age
43
Psoriasis: Signs and Symptoms
- Common sites on scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia
- Excessive development of the basal layer of the skin
- Affected areas that typically appear dry, cracked, and encrusted
- Pruritus (common complaint)
- Buildup of skin composed of living and dead tissue
44
Psoriasis: Treatments
- many have serious side effects
- Topical application of medications, such as coal tar, vitamin D, corticosteroid drugs, and wet dressings
- Palliative only; no cure
- UV light therapy
- biological drugs
45
excimer
a powerful form of UV light therapy directed to plaques is effective in controlling scaling and inflammation
46
Acne Vulgaris
Common inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands and their hair follicles
-characterized by appearance of
comedomes- black heads or whiteheads
papules- solid elevations less than 1 cm
pustules- small raised areas of the skin filled with pus
-usually on the face, chest, upper back, and shoulder's
-mostly caused by hormone changes during puberty but can appear at any age
47
Acne Vulgaris: Signs and Symptoms
- acne plug that commonly appears first as a open comedome (blackhead) or a closed comedone (whitehead)
- color In the comedome is caused by the melanin produced by the hair follicle, not by dirt
48
Acne Vulgaris: Treatments
-Antibacterial solution applied to the skin, orally administered antibiotics, or both
-Topical agents, which may be used alone or in combination and are
applied with clean hands
-Skin kept as clean and dry as possible
49
Scabies
contagious skin disease that is the result of infestation by the inch-mite
-transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact
50
Scabies: Signs and Symptoms
- Burrowing of parasite into the superficial layer of skin, appearing as short, wavy, brownish black lines
- itching and rash(major complaint)
- Commonly appear between the fingers, in the axillae, at the waist, and on the wrists, elbows, nipples, buttocks, and genitalia
51
Scabies: Treatment
```
Topical scabicide (cream or lotion) for chemical disinfection
-Antipruritics and oral antihistamines to reduce itching
```
52
Impetigo
-Common contagious, superficial skin infection
-Marked by a fluid-filled blister that
-becomes pustular, ruptures, and forms a yellow crust
Vesicle (small fluid-filled blister)
Bulla (large fluid-filled blister)
53
Impetigo: Signs and Symptoms
-Lesions beginning as macules, vesicles, and pustules, usually accompanied by pruritus
-Hardening of liquid and eventual formation of a thick, yellow crust
over the infected site possibly occurring anywhere, but most commonly on the mouth, nose, neck, or extremities
54
Impetigo: Treatments
- Good hygiene to prevent skin-to-skin or person-to person spread
- wash your hands
55
alopecia
absence or loss of hair, especially of the head;
| also known as baldness
56
debridement
removal of necrotized tissue from a traumatic
| or infected area by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents; used to promote healing and prevent infection
57
Diaphoresis
medical condition in which a person sweats
excessively and unpredictably even when the temperature is cool or when the individual is at rest
(Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound)
58
Hirsutism
excessive growth of hair in unusual places,
especially in women; may be due to hypersecretion of
testosterone
59
Mohs surgery
Removal of thin layers of skin cancer, particularly tumors with irregular shapes and depths
-Microscopic examination of each layer of excised tissue
60
Scratch (prick) skin test
Identification of suspected allergens via placement of a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin Scratch (prick) skin test kit for allergy testing.
61
Intradermal allergy skin test
Identification of suspected allergens via subcutaneous
injection of small amounts of extracts of the suspected
allergens and observation of the skin for subsequent
reaction Intradermal allergy test reactions.
62
Biopsy
Tissue sample removed from the body for microscopic
| examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
63
to treat a bacterial skin infection your doctor prescribes what?
antibiotic
64
what drug decreases inflammation and itching?
corticosteriod
65
Allograft
Taken from human (transplant)
