Breaks down food physically and chemically - prepares food for absorption by cells of the body - eliminates waste functions

Digestive System: Chapter 6 Flashcards by alexis susino

Digestive system

Breaks down food physically and chemically

prepares food for absorption by cells of the body
eliminates waste functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure Of The Digestive System

Oral Cavity: 
-teeth
-salivary glands
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Accessory Organs Of The Digestive System

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral Cavity

First part of the Digestive tract (mouth + teeth) where the mechanical process of chewing and chemical breakdown of food by salivary secretions initiates the Digestive process

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 Parts Of Small Intestine + Their Location

Duodenum- first segment
Jejunum- second segment
Ileum- third segment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

First 4 sections Of The Colon

Ascending (up)
Transverse (loop or inward portion)
Descending (down)
Sigmoid (straight part, from left to right)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pancreas

Elongated, flattened organ posterior and slightly inferior(below,lower) to the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gallbladder

Organ on the inferior(below, lower) surface of the liver that stores bile
-cholecyst/o

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gingiv/o

Gums

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lingu/o, gloss/o

Tongue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Orexia

Appetite

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Anorexia

Without an appetite
An-without
Orexia- appetite

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dysphagia

Swallowing, eating (that is) painful or difficult

Phagia- swallowing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Postprandial hyperglycemia

Exaggerated rise in blood sugar following a meal
Ex: type 2 diabetes; pancreas can be sluggish about secreting insulin in response to a meal
Prandial- relating to eating food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

-pain usually localized in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Appendicitis: signs + symptoms

Pain usually In RLQ
fever, malaise
diarrhea
results from obstruction or infection caused by a fecalith (hard mass of fecal matter) or bacteria

Appendicitis: Treatments

Appendectomy- removal of appendix

Diverticulitis

Acute inflammation of diverticulae (pockets; line inside of your intestine)

Diverticulosis

Presence of diverticulae without inflammation

Diverticulitis: signs + symptoms

tenderness and pain in left lower quadrant (LLQ) of abdomen
bowel changes, alternating between constipation and diarrhea

Diverticulitis: Treatment

IV antibiotics and a few days without food or drink (if severe)
focus on clearing up inflammation and infection, resting the colon

Obstipation

Extreme constipation

Cholelithiasis + Choledocholithiasis

Formation or presence of gallstones within the gallbladder bile ducts

Cholelithiasis + Choledocholithiasis: Signs + Symptoms

- acute onset of upper right quadrant (URQ) abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder and back - nausea + vomiting - classic "attack" called biliary colic, from bile duct obstruction - following ingestion of large or fatty meals

Cholelithiasis + Choledocholithiasis: Treatments

Nonsurgical: -extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy Surgical: - laparoscopic cholecystectomy Cholecystectomy- excision of gallbladder

Anastomosis

Connection between two vessels; surgical joining of 2 ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Ascites

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Borborygmus

Audible abdominal sound caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

Cachexia

State of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting that may occur in many chronic diseases + infections

Dysentery

Diarrhea containing blood + mucus, resulting from inflammation of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), especially the colon

Volvulus

Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

Bariatric surgery

Surgical alteration of the stomach as a treatment for morbid obesity

Colostomy

Excision of a diseased part of the colon and creation of a new opening in the abdominal wall, where fecal flow is diverted to a colostomy bag -creat an opening (mouth) of colon

Polypectomy

Excision of small tumor-like benign (harmless) growths (polyps) that project from a mucus membrane surface

Endoscopy

Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized instrument called a endoscope

Colonoscopy

Examination of the entire length of the colon

Antacid

Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach

Antidiarrheals

Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea

Antiemetics

Control nausea + vomiting

Laxatives

Treat constipation