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Medical Terms > Digestive System: Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Digestive System: Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaks down food physically and chemically

  • prepares food for absorption by cells of the body
  • eliminates waste functions
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2
Q

Structure Of The Digestive System

A 
Oral Cavity: 
-teeth
-salivary glands
Pharynx (throat)
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
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3
Q

Accessory Organs Of The Digestive System

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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4
Q

Oral Cavity

A

First part of the Digestive tract (mouth + teeth) where the mechanical process of chewing and chemical breakdown of food by salivary secretions initiates the Digestive process

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5
Q

3 Parts Of Small Intestine + Their Location

A

Duodenum- first segment
Jejunum- second segment
Ileum- third segment

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6
Q

First 4 sections Of The Colon

A
  • Ascending (up)
  • Transverse (loop or inward portion)
  • Descending (down)
  • Sigmoid (straight part, from left to right)
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7
Q

Pancreas

A

Elongated, flattened organ posterior and slightly inferior(below,lower) to the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin

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8
Q

Gallbladder

A

Organ on the inferior(below, lower) surface of the liver that stores bile
-cholecyst/o

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9
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

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10
Q

Lingu/o, gloss/o

A

Tongue

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11
Q

Orexia

A

Appetite

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12
Q

Anorexia

A

Without an appetite
An-without
Orexia- appetite

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13
Q

Dysphagia

A

Swallowing, eating (that is) painful or difficult

Phagia- swallowing

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14
Q

Postprandial hyperglycemia

A

Exaggerated rise in blood sugar following a meal
Ex: type 2 diabetes; pancreas can be sluggish about secreting insulin in response to a meal
Prandial- relating to eating food

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15
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums

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16
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

-pain usually localized in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)

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17
Q

Appendicitis: signs + symptoms

A
  • Pain usually In RLQ
  • fever, malaise
  • diarrhea
  • results from obstruction or infection caused by a fecalith (hard mass of fecal matter) or bacteria
18
Q

Appendicitis: Treatments

A

Appendectomy- removal of appendix

19
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Acute inflammation of diverticulae (pockets; line inside of your intestine)

20
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Presence of diverticulae without inflammation

21
Q

Diverticulitis: signs + symptoms

A
  • tenderness and pain in left lower quadrant (LLQ) of abdomen
  • bowel changes, alternating between constipation and diarrhea
22
Q

Diverticulitis: Treatment

A
  • IV antibiotics and a few days without food or drink (if severe)
  • focus on clearing up inflammation and infection, resting the colon
23
Q

Obstipation

A

Extreme constipation

24
Q

Cholelithiasis + Choledocholithiasis

A

Formation or presence of gallstones within the gallbladder bile ducts

25
Q

Cholelithiasis + Choledocholithiasis: Signs + Symptoms

A
  • acute onset of upper right quadrant (URQ) abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder and back
  • nausea + vomiting
  • classic “attack” called biliary colic, from bile duct obstruction
  • following ingestion of large or fatty meals
26
Q

Cholelithiasis + Choledocholithiasis: Treatments

A

Nonsurgical:
-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Surgical:
- laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy- excision of gallbladder

27
Q

Anastomosis

A

Connection between two vessels; surgical joining of 2 ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

28
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

29
Q

Borborygmus

A

Audible abdominal sound caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

30
Q

Cachexia

A

State of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting that may occur in many chronic diseases + infections

31
Q

Dysentery

A

Diarrhea containing blood + mucus, resulting from inflammation of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), especially the colon

32
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

33
Q

Bariatric surgery

A

Surgical alteration of the stomach as a treatment for morbid obesity

34
Q

Colostomy

A

Excision of a diseased part of the colon and creation of a new opening in the abdominal wall, where fecal flow is diverted to a colostomy bag
-creat an opening (mouth) of colon

35
Q

Polypectomy

A

Excision of small tumor-like benign (harmless) growths (polyps) that project from a mucus membrane surface

36
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized instrument called a endoscope

37
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Examination of the entire length of the colon

38
Q

Antacid

A

Counteract or neutralize acidity, usually in the stomach

39
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea

40
Q

Antiemetics

A

Control nausea + vomiting

41
Q

Laxatives

A

Treat constipation

Medical Terms (12 decks)

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