Women’s Health after Bariatric Surgery Flashcards
What percentage of adults and children in the U.S. are obese?
Adults: 39.8%. Children (ages 2-19): 18.5%.
What defines obesity in terms of BMI?
BMI ≥ 40: Extremely obese (qualifies for surgery if no medical problems). BMI ≥ 35: Qualifies for surgery with high-risk comorbid conditions.
What are the main types of bariatric surgeries, and how do they differ?
Malabsorptive surgeries: Bypass parts of the digestive system.
Restrictive surgeries: Create a smaller stomach pouch.
Combined surgeries: Combine restrictive and malabsorptive techniques.
What are common bariatric surgeries performed in the U.S.?
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG): Most common; restrictive.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB): Combined.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB): Restrictive.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS): Combined, less common.
What are some risks associated with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)?
Dumping syndrome, malnutrition, intestinal obstruction, and vitamin/mineral deficiencies.
Why is iron deficiency common in menstruating women after bariatric surgery?
Iron absorption occurs in the duodenum, which may be bypassed during surgery.
What diagnostic tests are recommended post-bariatric surgery to monitor nutritional status?
Complete blood count, vitamin B12, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and additional vitamins and minerals.
Why should pregnancy be delayed after bariatric surgery, and for how long?
Pregnancy should be delayed for 12-24 months to stabilize weight and prevent complications.
What contraceptive options are recommended for women post-bariatric surgery?
Intrauterine Contraception (IUC): Long-term and bypasses digestive issues.
Vaginal ring: Combines estrogen and progestin, avoiding absorption problems.
What are the benefits and risks of pregnancy after bariatric surgery?
Benefits: Improved fertility, reduced gestational diabetes, and lower hypertensive disorders.
Risks: Nutrient deficiencies, malnutrition, and complications from vomiting.
How does bariatric surgery impact mental health?
Positive: Improved body image, reduced pain, enhanced relationships, and better sexual functioning.
Negative: Increased risk of mood disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse.
What are common nutrient deficiencies post-bariatric surgery, and how are they managed?
Deficiencies in B12, iron, calcium, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Managed with diet, supplements, and regular blood monitoring.
Why might oral contraceptives be less effective post-bariatric surgery?
Reduced absorption due to altered digestive anatomy.
What is dumping syndrome, and which surgery is it associated with?
Rapid gastric emptying leading to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Commonly associated with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB).
What are the psychosocial considerations for women post-bariatric surgery?
Assessment for depression, anxiety, and potential eating or substance abuse disorders. Counseling to support positive lifestyle changes and mental health.
What is a Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG)?
Restrictive procedure: Removes about 80% of the stomach, leaving a tube-shaped stomach (‘sleeve’). Reduces food intake and alters gut hormones to help with weight loss.
What is a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)?
Combined restrictive and malabsorptive procedure: Creates a small stomach pouch and reroutes the small intestine.
Benefits: Significant weight loss, improved metabolic conditions.
Risks: Nutrient deficiencies and dumping syndrome.
What is Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB)?
Restrictive procedure: Places a silicone band around the upper stomach to create a small pouch.
Benefits: Adjustable and reversible.
Risks: Band slippage, erosion, and less effective long-term weight loss.
What is Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS)?
Combined restrictive and malabsorptive procedure: Removes a large portion of the stomach and reroutes a significant part of the small intestine.
Benefits: Maximum weight loss and improvement in metabolic conditions.
Risks: High risk of malnutrition, nutrient deficiencies, and complex surgery.
What is a Gastric Balloon?
Non-surgical restrictive procedure: A silicone balloon is placed in the stomach to occupy space, reducing food intake.
Benefits: Temporary, minimally invasive.
Risks: Nausea, vomiting, and balloon deflation.
What is a Gastric Plication?
Restrictive procedure: Folds and sutures the stomach to reduce its size without removing any part of it.
Benefits: No removal of stomach tissue, less invasive.
Risks: Limited long-term data on effectiveness and safety.
What is Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG)?
Non-surgical restrictive procedure: Uses an endoscope to place sutures in the stomach, reducing its size.
Benefits: Outpatient procedure, faster recovery.
Risks: Not suitable for severe obesity.
