Women’s Health after Bariatric Surgery Flashcards
What percentage of adults and children in the U.S. are obese?
Adults: 39.8%. Children (ages 2-19): 18.5%.
What defines obesity in terms of BMI?
BMI ≥ 40: Extremely obese (qualifies for surgery if no medical problems). BMI ≥ 35: Qualifies for surgery with high-risk comorbid conditions.
What are the main types of bariatric surgeries, and how do they differ?
Malabsorptive surgeries: Bypass parts of the digestive system.
Restrictive surgeries: Create a smaller stomach pouch.
Combined surgeries: Combine restrictive and malabsorptive techniques.
What are common bariatric surgeries performed in the U.S.?
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG): Most common; restrictive.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB): Combined.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB): Restrictive.
Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD-DS): Combined, less common.
What are some risks associated with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)?
Dumping syndrome, malnutrition, intestinal obstruction, and vitamin/mineral deficiencies.
Why is iron deficiency common in menstruating women after bariatric surgery?
Iron absorption occurs in the duodenum, which may be bypassed during surgery.
What diagnostic tests are recommended post-bariatric surgery to monitor nutritional status?
Complete blood count, vitamin B12, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and additional vitamins and minerals.
Why should pregnancy be delayed after bariatric surgery, and for how long?
Pregnancy should be delayed for 12-24 months to stabilize weight and prevent complications.
What contraceptive options are recommended for women post-bariatric surgery?
Intrauterine Contraception (IUC): Long-term and bypasses digestive issues.
Vaginal ring: Combines estrogen and progestin, avoiding absorption problems.
What are the benefits and risks of pregnancy after bariatric surgery?
Benefits: Improved fertility, reduced gestational diabetes, and lower hypertensive disorders.
Risks: Nutrient deficiencies, malnutrition, and complications from vomiting.
How does bariatric surgery impact mental health?
Positive: Improved body image, reduced pain, enhanced relationships, and better sexual functioning.
Negative: Increased risk of mood disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse.
What are common nutrient deficiencies post-bariatric surgery, and how are they managed?
Deficiencies in B12, iron, calcium, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Managed with diet, supplements, and regular blood monitoring.
Why might oral contraceptives be less effective post-bariatric surgery?
Reduced absorption due to altered digestive anatomy.
What is dumping syndrome, and which surgery is it associated with?
Rapid gastric emptying leading to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Commonly associated with Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB).
What are the psychosocial considerations for women post-bariatric surgery?
Assessment for depression, anxiety, and potential eating or substance abuse disorders. Counseling to support positive lifestyle changes and mental health.
