Benign Gynecologic Conditions Flashcards
What are common symptoms of vulvar conditions, and how are they diagnosed?
Symptoms include pruritus, pain, burning, rashes, and lesions. Diagnosis often requires a biopsy for definitive confirmation.
What are common types of vulvar skin cysts?
-Folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles (infectious causes).
-Epidermoid and sebaceous cysts.
-Hidradenitis suppurativa: Chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of hair follicles.
What are vulvar dermatoses, and what types are common?
Noninfectious inflammatory conditions of the vulva, including:
-Contact dermatitis: Irritant and allergic.
-Lichen sclerosus: Chronic skin disease with epithelial thinning.
-Lichen planus: Inflammatory condition affecting mucous membranes and vulva.
-Lichen simplex chronicus: Localized atopic dermatitis with itch–scratch–itch cycle.
What distinguishes lichen sclerosus (LS) from lichen planus (LP)?
LS: Depigmented figure-eight formation around vulva and perianal area; epithelial thinning.
LP: Includes vaginal discharge, pruritus, pain, dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding; classified into classic, hypertrophic, and erosive forms.
What is psoriasis of the vulva, and how does it present?
Chronic immune-mediated genetic disease causing erythema and finer scaling on the vulva compared to other body areas.
What are cervical polyps, and how are they managed?
-Benign growths that occur in up to 10% of women, rarely malignant.
-Polyps with vascular congestion appear moist, red, and glandular.
-Management: Removal of bothersome or atypical polyps (necrosis, bleeding, color change).
What are endometrial polyps, and what symptoms do they cause?
-Hyperplastic overgrowths of endometrial tissue often asymptomatic but can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.
-Management: Hysteroscopic polypectomy.
What are uterine fibroids, and how are they classified?
Benign growths from uterine smooth muscle, classified by location:
-Subserosal: Exterior of uterus.
-Intramural: Within myometrium.
-Submucosal: In endometrium.
How are uterine fibroids diagnosed and treated?
Diagnosis: Ultrasound (to rule out endometrial cancer).
Treatment:
-Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: reduce size of uterine fibroid.
-Myomectomy or hysterectomy.
-Uterine artery embolization (UAE).
-Stable in size during pregnancy; decrease in hormone production at
menopause leads to reduction in size
What is endometriosis, and where are implants commonly found?
Endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus, commonly found on:
-Ovaries, cul-de-sac, uterosacral ligaments, fallopian tubes, and sigmoid colon.
What are symptoms and treatments for endometriosis?
Symptoms: Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, dyschezia, dysuria.
Treatment: Expectant management, medical therapy, surgery.
What is adenomyosis, and how is it treated?
Endometrial tissue within the myometrium causing dysmenorrhea and abnormal bleeding.
Treatment: LNG-IUS (levonorgestrel intrauterine system), UAE, or hysterectomy.
What are common types of benign ovarian masses?
-Follicular cysts: From unruptured follicles.
-Mature cystic teratomas: Germ cell tumors.
-Serous/mucinous cystadenomas: From ovarian epithelium.
-Endometriomas: From endometriosis.
How are ovarian masses evaluated?
-Assess size, shape, mobility, tenderness.
-Rule out ectopic pregnancy or infection with pregnancy and STI tests.
-Use transvaginal ultrasound to classify as cystic, solid, or complex.
When do ovarian masses require further assessment?
Complex or solid masses, or if associated with concerning symptoms (e.g., severe pain, rapid growth).
