Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
Why are women biologically more likely to become infected with STIs than men?
Women are biologically more susceptible due to genital tract anatomy. STIs are often asymptomatic in women, leading to delayed detection and treatment.
What populations have the highest prevalence of STIs?
Adolescents and young women, with 70% of females engaging in vaginal sex by age 19. Female adolescents are particularly susceptible to cervical infections.
Why is regular STI screening important for sexually active women?
Many STIs are asymptomatic. Regular screening helps in early detection and prevents complications such as infertility. Testing for other STIs is essential when one is diagnosed.
What are key prevention strategies for STIs?
Use condoms consistently. Avoid douching, as it disrupts the vaginal microbiome. Educate about risks and encourage testing and partner notification.
What are the clinical features of HPV infection?
Causes genital warts and cervical cancer. Symptoms include vaginal discharge, itching, dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding. Vaccination can prevent high-risk HPV types.
What are the symptoms and management of genital herpes?
Painful vesicular eruptions caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2. No cure; managed with systemic antivirals to reduce symptoms and transmission risk.
How are chlamydia and gonorrhea transmitted, and what are their complications?
Transmitted through sexual contact, primarily genital-to-genital. Major complications include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to infertility.
What are the complications of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Associated with bacterial vaginosis and untreated STIs.
What are the phases of syphilis?
Primary: Chancre at the site of infection.
Secondary: Rash on palms and soles, systemic symptoms.
Latent: Asymptomatic phase that may progress to tertiary syphilis if untreated.
Why is hepatitis B highly transmissible, and how is it managed?
More infectious than HIV; survives outside the body for 7 days. Vaccination is the primary prevention strategy.
What is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the U.S., and who is most at risk?
Hepatitis C (HCV). Prevalence is high among individuals born between 1945-1965 and injection drug users.
What are the primary management strategies for HIV?
Routine screening and antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART includes classes like NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs, FIs, CCR5 antagonists, and INSTIs.
Why is STI screening critical during pregnancy?
Infections like syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, during delivery, or via breastfeeding. Screening helps prevent neonatal infections and associated complications.
