Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of U.S. women of reproductive age are sexually active but don’t want to become pregnant?

A

70% (43 million women).

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2
Q

How long does the average U.S. woman use contraception?

A

Approximately 30 years.

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3
Q

What is the difference between contraceptive efficacy and effectiveness?

A

Efficacy: Likelihood of unintended pregnancy even when the method is used consistently and as prescribed.
Effectiveness: Includes unintended pregnancies due to inconsistent or incorrect use of the method.

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4
Q

What is LARC?

A

Long-acting reversible contraception prevents pregnancy for extended periods with no user effort, including intrauterine devices (IUDs) and subdermal implants.

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5
Q

What are the most effective methods of contraception?

A

LARC methods.

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6
Q

What are the types of IUDs available in the U.S.?

A

Copper IUD: Non-hormonal, lasts up to 10 years.
Levonorgestrel IUDs (LNG): Includes Mirena, Liletta, Kyleena, and Skyla, lasting 3-5 years.

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7
Q

How does the copper IUD work?

A

It creates a sterile inflammatory response in the uterus to prevent pregnancy.

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8
Q

What is the progestin implant?

A

A single-rod subdermal implant releasing etonogestrel for up to 3 years.

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9
Q

How soon does ovulation return after removing the implant?

A

Within 6 weeks.

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10
Q

What are the two types of permanent contraception?

A

Female sterilization (tubal occlusion): Blocks fallopian tubes.
Male sterilization (vasectomy): Cuts or blocks the vas deferens.

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11
Q

What are the two types of hormonal contraceptive methods?

A

Progestin-only methods.
Combined methods (progestin + estrogen).

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12
Q

What are the forms of combined hormonal contraception?

A

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), the contraceptive patch, and the vaginal ring.

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13
Q

How are COCs classified?

A

Monophasic: Constant hormone dosage.
Multiphasic: Hormone dosage varies (biphasic, triphasic, or quadphasic).

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14
Q

What are the benefits of COCs?

A

Regulate menstrual cycles and manage abnormal bleeding patterns.

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15
Q

Who are progestin-only methods recommended for?

A

Women who cannot take estrogen.

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16
Q

What are the types of progestin-only methods?

A

Progestin-only pills (mini-pills), injection (Depo-Provera), implant, and progestin IUDs.

17
Q

What methods are used for emergency contraception?

A

Pills: Levonorgestrel (LNG), ulipristal acetate (UPA), or Yuzpe method.
Copper IUD: Most effective but rarely used for emergency contraception.

18
Q

Within how many hours must emergency contraception be used?

A

Within 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected intercourse.

19
Q

What are examples of nonhormonal contraceptive methods?

A

Physiologic methods: Abstinence, coitus interruptus, lactational amenorrhea, fertility awareness.
Barrier methods: Male and female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, sponges, and spermicides.

20
Q

Which barrier methods also protect against STIs?

A

Male condoms, female condoms, and to some extent, diaphragms.

21
Q

Why is a reproductive life plan important?

A

It helps clarify goals and promotes consistent use of contraception.

22
Q

What is a significant downside of hormonal contraceptives?

A

They do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).