Periodic Screening and Health Maintenance Flashcards
What are secondary preventive services?
These are services that enable early identification of risk factors or diagnosis of diseases in asymptomatic patients, starting with a comprehensive history and using proven tests and treatments to limit costs.
What is the USPSTF, and what is its mission?
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force evaluates benefits and harms of preventive services in healthy populations and recommends which services should be routinely incorporated into primary care based on evidence.
How does the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affect USPSTF recommendations?
The ACA requires insurance policies to cover all preventive health services rated ‘A’ or ‘B’ by the USPSTF at no cost to the individual.
What does a USPSTF Grade A mean?
It indicates a high degree of certainty that the net benefit of the service is substantial. These services are essential.
What does a Grade B recommendation signify?
A moderate degree of certainty exists that the service has substantial net benefit. These services are also essential.
What is a Grade C recommendation?
Indicates a small net benefit; the service is not routinely recommended but may be justified for individuals.
What does Grade D imply?
High or moderate certainty exists that the service has no net benefit or causes harm, so it is not recommended.
What does an ‘I Statement’ mean?
It means there is insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms for the service.
What screenings are Grade A or B for all women?
Alcohol use, cervical cancer, chlamydia and gonorrhea, depression, height and weight, hypertension, HIV, intimate partner violence, rubella immunity, and tobacco use.
How is alcohol use screened?
Using the AUDIT-C or SASQ. Risk is defined as consuming 7+ drinks per week or 3+ drinks per day.
What is the recommendation for cervical cancer screening?
Grade A for women aged 21–65 with a Pap test every 3 years starting within 3 years of sexual activity onset or at age 21.
How are chlamydia and gonorrhea screened?
Grade B for sexually active women under 24 or older women at risk, using NAATs.
What tools are used to screen for depression?
PHQ-2 for adults and PHQ-A or Beck Depression Inventory for adolescents.
What are Grade A or B recommendations for women aged 50+?
Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatitis C, lipid disorders, and osteoporosis.
How often should women 50–75 be screened for breast cancer?
Every 2 years with mammography.
