Women's Health Flashcards
1
Q
Kleinhauer-Betke Test
A
Shows how many fetal RBC are in mom’s circulation
2
Q
Most common type of Endometrial neoplams
A
*Adenocarcinoma in endometrial lining
Sarcoma are in the muscle layer
3
Q
Where is the most common site for edometriosis tissue to implant
A
Peritoneal
4
Q
Leiomyomata locations - where is each
- Subserosal
- Submucosal
- Intramural
A
AKA fibroids
- under outer lining of uterus by bladder, colon, GI
- under inner lining- can cause prolapse
- between the two layers
5
Q
Name the 3 types of Cyst
and their normal sizes
A
- Follicular <2.5
- Corpus Luteum <3
- Thecal - bilateral
6
Q
What size cyst is going to torsion
A
> 5cm
7
Q
What are the most common cancers associated with Epithelial Neoplasm
A
- BRCA mutation
- Lynch Syndrome
- Hereditary Nonpolposis colorectal cancer
8
Q
Germ cell neoplasms will have what tumor markers increased ?
A
Any of theses will be in the test question an elevation in: Alpha-fetoprotein Beta-HCG LDH Alkaline Phosphatase
9
Q
At what age is the HPV vaccine given
A
Girls 9-26
Boys 9-18
10
Q
Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhea
A
Ceftriaxone IM
11
Q
Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis
A
Doxycycline + Azithromycin
12
Q
Treatment for HSV
A
Acyclovir or Valacyclovir
13
Q
Treatment for HPV
A
Depends on the stage
LEEP
14
Q
Treatment for Trichomonas
A
Metronidazole
15
Q
Treatment for Candida
A
Fluconazole
16
Q
What is primary Amenorrhea
A
No period by Age 14 with boobs
No period by Age 13 without boobs
17
Q
What is secondary Amenorrhea
A
Started period normally then stopped periods for 6 months -ovarian failure -pregnancy -Fragile x -PCOS -Asherman syndrome- after a DC
18
Q
What is the average age for menopause
A
51
19
Q
How long can perimenopause last
A
3-5 years of irregular menopause
20
Q
What is premature menopause
A
No menses before age 40
21
Q
What is the main hormones in menopause
A
*Estrone
Testosterone
Androstenedione
22
Q
What is the definitive diagnosis of menopause
A
FSH >30mIU/ML
23
Q
Most common organism in mastitis
A
Staph Aureus
24
Q
symptoms of Fibroadenoma
A
round, firm, smooth, mobile, non-tender
25
Key terms for this diagnosis- Nipple lesions that is sclaey, red
Paget disease - ductal carcinoma of the nipple
26
where is the most common location for breast cancer
Ductal 80%
| Lobular 20%
27
Treatment for ER postitive breast cancer
Tamoxifen
28
What medication could cause Glactorrhea
Spironolactone
29
what is the goal of OCP
inhibit ovulation
30
What is the windown of Emergency Contraception
3-5 days
31
What is the first line treatment for Infertility
Clomiphene citrate - clomid
32
What is Naegele rule
Estimated date of confinement aka due date
Take the first day of the last menstral period
subtract 3 months
add 7 days
33
What is the first trimester genetic screen option
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A - PAPPA
| Low PAPPA and high HCG = Trisomy 18 or 21
34
at how many weeks can a nuchal translucency screen be done?
12 weeks
35
low estriol
low AFP
High inhibin
what would these lab values mean in pregnancy?
increase risk for genetic disorders
36
What is the next step if the nuchal translucency screen
| is postitive
chorionic villi sampling - CVA or amniocentesis
37
Fetal heart rate - what is normal
2 accelerations in 20 mins
up to 15bpm from baseline
NO decelerations
38
How far does dilation go to
10cm
39
what is effacement
thining of cervix
40
what is station
where baby is to the ischeal spine
0- at the spine
if its below its +1 , +2
41
What is the first stage of labor
```
bloddy show , mucous plug
contractions that are regular
10 cm cervix
usually 6-20 hours first
2-14 second kid
```
42
What is the second stage of labor
10 cm dilated --> baby is delivered
| last 30min-3 hours
43
What is the Third stage of labor
Delivering placenta
| lasts 0-30mins
44
What is the fourth stage of labor
the hour after delivery
| treating lacerations, tears, hemorrhages
45
what is the external fetal monitoring called
Tocodynamometer
46
What is the worst thing to see on fetal monitoring
late decelerations are bad
| uteroplacental insufficiency with lack of blood flow to infant
47
what do you do if you are concerned about Fetal heart tones
lay mom on her left side
oxygen
stop oxytocin !!!
48
What is the APGAR score
```
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
score 0, 1, 2
```
49
What does the placenta cord contain
3 vessels
2 artries
1 vein
50
what does oxytocin or potocin do?
Increases contraction strenghts
51
what is the definition of post-partum hemorrhage
10% drop in Hematocrit %
>500ml blood loss from vaginal birth
1000ml blood loss from c-section
52
What are reasons for Early postpartum hemorrhage
<24 hours after delivery
laceration
retained products of conception
abnormal involution- didn't go back to normal position
53
What are reasons for Late postpartum hemorrhage
Retained POC
| endometritis
54
How long can Lochia last ?
normal vaginal bleeding after baby
| up to 6 weeks
55
what are clues tot ectopic pregnancy
HCG lower than normal
56
What is the Discrimiatory Zone
Used for ectopic pregnancies
| If the BHCG is >1500 you should see a little baby on US
57
Treatment for Ectopic pregnancy
Early- Methotrexate
Folic acid antagonist - kills the embryo
Later- surgery
58
What are 3 types of Gestational Trophblastic Diseases
Hydatidiform mole
Trophoblastic tumor
Choriocarcinoma
59
```
Key terms for this diagnosis- Grape like or snowstrom on ultrasound
abnormal bleeding
uterine size is bigger than dates
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
HCG levels higher than normal
20% go onto malignancy
```
Hydatidiform mole
60
What is the most common type of Gestational Trophblastic Disease
Hydatidiform mole
61
What is the most common type of Multiple Gestation
Fraternal - Dizygotic
| two eggs fertilized by two sperm
62
Diagnosis for <20 weeks with HTN
Chronic hypertension
| she probably had HTN before getting pregnant
63
Treatment for Hypertension in <20 weeks Pregnancy
| negtaive for protein
Methyldopa
| Labatol
64
Key terms for this diagnosis
Edema +/-, protein in urine, blood pressuer >140/90
but less than 160/110
mild Preeclampsia
| Severe 160-180
65
What is HELLP syndrome
Severe Precclampisa- BP 160-180
Protein in urine
Edema +/-
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets
66
Treatment for PreEclampisa
Hydralazine OR Labetalol
Magnesium sulfate IV to prevent seizure
ultimate treatment is delivery !!!!
Can happen up to 6 weeks after delivery !!!!
67
What is Eclampsia
Preeclampsia + seizure
68
when is Rhogam given
28-29 weeks
At any time there could be bleed or trauma
+ another dose if baby is RH +
69
what is the most common cause of painful bleeding in the 3rd trimester
Abruptio Placentae
70
Treatment for Abruptio Placentae
```
large = C-section
small = follow
```
71
what is the most common cause of painless bleeding in the 3rd trimester
Placental Previa
72
what is the most important thing to remember for Placental Previa
No pelvic exam
73
Treatment for Placental Previa
C - section if complete
74
Vaginal bleeding and the Os is closed
Threatened Abortion
75
Vaginal bleeding and the OS is open
Inevitable Abortion
76
Vaginal bleeding and the Os is open the US shows incomplete expulsion of POC
Incomplete
77
Treatment for Incomplete or Missed abortion
D & C
78
What weeks is the quad screen done?
15-22 weeks
79
at how many weeks can an amniocentesis be done?
15-18 weeks
80
Treatment for Pregnant patient with UTI
Nirtrofuratoin
81
what happens in the luteal phase?
decrease in estrdiol and increase in progestrone
82
what are days 1-23 & 13-17 of the menstration cycle
Days 1-13 follicular phase
| Days 13-17 Ovulatory phase
83
How many mL are lost during menstration
80mL
84
what is the best treatment for DVT in pregnancy
Levonox
85
what genetic disorder is Hunington disease
Autosomal Dominant
86
In the first trimester what is the most accurate way to measure baby EGA
Crown - to -rump
87
In the second-Third trimester what is the most accurate way to measure baby EGA
Use a combo
Femur lenght *
abdominal
Head circumference
88
what hormone level causes the basal tempature to rise during mentration
progesterone
