Pharmacology - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

First line treatment for to prevent coronary vasospasm in a subarhnoid hemorrhage

A

Nimodiopine 60mg every 4 hours

can crush and put in their NG tube if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First line treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Acetozolimide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pts older than 50 or alcholics needing treatment for meningitits get what ?

A

Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Ampilicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

medications is considered first line therapy for absence seizure

A

Ethoxsimide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the treatment of a UTI in a pregnant patient

A

cephalexin 500 mg QID for 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the treatment for prostitiis in an elderly male >60

A

Ciprofloxacin for 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the treatment for hyperkalemia

A
  1. Calcium - stabilize cell
  2. Sodium bicarb - shift into the cell
  3. Furosimide - Eliminate from the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment medication for prostate cancer

A

leuprolide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

phentolomine & Lobatol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contrindication for Gemfibroazol (hypertriglyceridemia)

A

Biliary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

First line treatment for HHS

A

Fluids

then insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

First line treatment for Diabetes insipidis

A

Desmopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what drug causes ginvival hyperplasia

A

Pheytonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment for pregnant women with non-bloody diarrhea

A

Azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for allergic conjuncitivits

A

Olopatidine drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Best effective treatment agasint dental caries

A

Flouride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal dose of Vit D for infant

A

400 IU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

First line treatment for acute sinutits

A

Oxymetazoline and pseduoephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ranolazine

what drug class ?

A

Anti-anginal medication
for stable angia
next step after bblocker, nitro, statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What medication is contrindicated in wolff parkinson white syndrome?

A
ABCD 
adensoine 
beta-blockers
calcium channel blockers
digoxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do inotroph drugs do

A

increases or decreases heart muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
Ibutilitde 
what drug class and what does it do
A

for A fib with wolff parkinson white together

antiarythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what drug can be used in pregnant patient for manic episode

A

Haldoperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mom just delvered baby and mom is having a seizure what medication do you give her

A

magnesium sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Treatment for BPH
Finestride
26
biochemical physical effect of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body
Pharmacodynamics - what the drug does
27
Absorption, distubtion and metbolism and elinimation of a drug
Pharmacokinetics
28
What is a type A adverse drug reaction
dose related
29
what is the type B adverse drug reaction
dose independent allergic response - rash but not anaphylsis that is type A immune mediated
30
what are the types of Pharmacokinetics
"ADME" absorption- increased or decreased transit time Distribupation - binds to plasma protiens Metabolism - increase or decreased - age, CYP 450 Exrection - increase or decreased renal funciton
31
what does CYP 450 do
it is a protein in the liver that helps break down drugs
32
what are the types of pharmacodynamic adverse drug reactions
exaggerated - like benzo, alcohol | competitive- beta-blocker, albuterol
33
Where do you report adverse drug reactions
medwatch - FDA website call manufacture consult pharmacist inform the patient
34
What are all the types of hypersensitivity reactions ?
``` "ACID" type 1 anaphylaxis type 2 cytotoxic - HIT type 3 immune complex - serum sickness, anti-venom type 4 poison ivy, PPD ```
35
what pregenacy catgegory is Thalidomide (leprosy preventor or help in treatment of MM)
X- severely teratogenic
36
What pregnancy Category: | Studies fail to demonstrate a risk to fetus in 1 st trimester
Category- Type A
37
What pregnancy Category: | Animal studies fail to show risk, and no studies in humans
Category- Type B
38
What pregnancy Category: | Animal studies show risk, but no human, studies performed
Category- Type C
39
What pregnancy Category: | Positive evidence of fetal risk in humans but benefits greater in some situations
Category- Type D
40
What pregnancy Category: | Studies show abnormalities, risk always outweighs benefits
Category- Type X
41
All pregnancy cateogories - simple version
``` type A- safe type B- fail to show risk in animals type C- show risk in animals type D - evidence of fetal risk to humans type x - risk out weights benefit ```
42
MOA: inhibits CNS protaglandins & head regulating centers in hypothalamus
Acetaminophen- tylenol | no antiinflammatory effects ***
43
Drug class: Tylenol Vicodin Percocet
Acetaminophen
44
Adverse Drug reaction: | Acetaminophen
Nephropathy - diseased kidneys | hepatoxicity
45
Drug class: Naproxen Ketorolac Meloxicam
NSAIDs - nonstredoial anti-inflammatory
46
MOA: inhibits prostaglinids by reversibly blocking COX
NSAIDS
47
Adverse Drug reaction: | NSAIDS
``` GI upset Peptic ulcer disease Prolonged bleeding time nephropathy allergic reactions bronchospasms- dont use if plumonary disease present ```
48
Drug class: | aspirin
Salicylates
49
MOA: inhibits prostaglinis synthesis by irreversibly blocking COX
Aspirin - Salicylates
50
Avoid NSAIDS in which patients ?
plumonary dysfunction - can cause bronchospasms COPD Asthma
51
name good times to use Salicylates
Antipyretic acute conoar syndrome cerebroprotective kawasaki
52
Adverse Drug reaction: to Aspirin
``` Can cause GI upset peptic ulcer disease prolonged bleeding time nephropathy allergic reaction reye syndrome *** dont use in children ```
53
avoid aspirin in what patients
plumonary dysfunction - can cause bronchospasms COPD Asthma *same as NSAIDS
54
Drug class: Morphine codeine methadone
Opioids
55
When do you use opioids?
analgesia antitussive- codeine anesthesia-adjunct
56
Adverse Drug reaction: Opioids
SPEND SCRAM ``` S- sedation P- postural hypotension E- euphoria N- nausea D - derm rashes ``` ``` S- Sex hormone drugs C- constipation ***R- respiratory depression***** A- addiction M- miosis - pinpoint pupils ```
57
what is the reversal agent to opoids
Naloxone - Bupromorphine
58
What are DMARDS
``` PAIN MEDICATIONS - rhematoid arthritis Methotrexate Leflunomide Sulfasalazine Hydroxychloroquine Minocycline - NOT FDA approved ```
59
MOA: inhibitis dihydrofolate reductase
Methotrexate - DEMARD
60
DMARDS are good drugs for what disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis | Methotrexate
61
Adverse drug reactions: DMARDS
``` remember decreases folate- GI - N/V/D Hematologic Teratogenic - methotreXate hepatic ```
62
``` What drug class: Etanercept infliximab adalimumab golimumab certolizumab ```
Biologic DMARD | TNF inhibtor
63
What drug class: | abatacept
Biologic DMARD | T cell inhibitor
64
``` What drug class Rituximab ```
Biologic DMARD | -B cell modifier
65
``` what drug class Tocilizumab ```
Biologic DMARD | - IL-6 inhibitor
66
``` what drug class anakinra ```
Biologic DMARD | - IL-1 inhibitor
67
MOA: Target pro-inflammatory mediators
Biologic DMARDS
68
Adverse drug reaction to biologic to DMARD
They are injectables so site reactions GI Black box warning* infections, tuberculosis
69
Drug class- | Metformin
Biguanide
70
MOA: decreases hepatic glucose output, inhibits gluconeogenesis converts intestinal glucose to lactic acid
Biguanide - Metformin
71
When to use metformin?
Type 2 DM | PCOS
72
adverse drug reaction: | Metformin
Hypoglycermia DOES NOT OCCUR if too high can cuase lactic acidosis check renal functions
73
Drug class: Glyburide Glipizide Glimepiride
Sulfonylureas
74
MOA: stimulates B-cells to release insulin, increasing insulin sensitivity
Sulfonylureas - Glyburide, Glipizide
75
when to use Sulfonylureas
Type 2 DM
76
Adverse drug reactions to Sulfonylureas
Hypoglycemia weight gain disulfiram like reaciton * Avoid if severe renal failure ***
77
Drug class: Rosiglitazone Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinediones
78
MOA: decrese hepatic glucose production by increasing liver and muscle sensitivity to insulin
Thiazolidinediones - Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
79
Adverse Drug reactions: Thiazolidinediones
Hepatotoxicity Cardiovascular- MI, CHF BLACKBOX IN ANY HEART PROBLEMS
80
``` Drug class: Sitagliptin Saxagliptin linagliptin allogliptin ```
Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 | DDP-4
81
MOA: Increase the action of endogenous incretin
THEY ARE ADD ON MEDICATIONS think of decreasing the appetite drug Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 ---- DDP-4 Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin
82
Adverse drug reactions to Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 ---- DDP-4
Nasopharyngitis | Pancreatitis
83
Drug class: Dapaglifozin Empagliflozin Canaglifozin
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 ----- SGLT 2 | think "FLOZIN" will cause glucose in urine
84
MOA: blocks glucose by the re-absorption by the kidney
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 ----- SGLT 2
85
Adverse drug reactions
Dehydration UTI Vaginal yeast infection infections
86
Which drug: | Black box warning for lactic acidosis
Metformin- Biguanide
87
Which drug: | Treatment for Type 2 DM and can cause Hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
88
Which drug: Treatment for Type 2 DM and have to avoid if severe renal failure
metformin and Sulfonylureas (glyburide, glipidze)
89
Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, black box warning for Cardiovascular disease
Thiazolinidiones rosiflitazone pioglitazone
90
Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, can cause nasopharyngitis & pancreatitis
Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 DDP-4 sitagliptin, saxagliptin
91
Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, can cause dehydration, UTI, vaginal yeast infections
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 ----- SGLT 2 | dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
92
``` Drug class: Exenatide Liraglutide ablitutide dulatiglutide ```
Glucagon like peptide- 1 ----- GLP-1 | INJECTABLE
93
MOA: Acts on pancrease to modulate & enhance insulin secreation in response to meals
``` Glucagon like peptide- 1 ----- GLP-1 Exenatide Liraglutide ablitutide dulatiglutide ```
94
MOA: exogenous protein that mimics endogenous insulin
Insulin
95
Adverse drug reactions: Insulin
Hypoglycemia -- if taking too much Lipodystrophy Weight gain allergic reaction
96
Treatment for Hyperkalemia and DKA
Insulin