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PANCE- Things I didnt know > Pharmacology - part 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

First line treatment for to prevent coronary vasospasm in a subarhnoid hemorrhage

A

Nimodiopine 60mg every 4 hours

can crush and put in their NG tube if needed

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2
Q

First line treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

Acetozolimide

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3
Q

Pts older than 50 or alcholics needing treatment for meningitits get what ?

A

Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Ampilicillin

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4
Q

medications is considered first line therapy for absence seizure

A

Ethoxsimide

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5
Q

what is the treatment of a UTI in a pregnant patient

A

cephalexin 500 mg QID for 7 days

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6
Q

what is the treatment for prostitiis in an elderly male >60

A

Ciprofloxacin for 30 days

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7
Q

what is the treatment for hyperkalemia

A
  1. Calcium - stabilize cell
  2. Sodium bicarb - shift into the cell
  3. Furosimide - Eliminate from the body
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8
Q

What is the treatment medication for prostate cancer

A

leuprolide

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9
Q

Treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

phentolomine & Lobatol

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10
Q

Contrindication for Gemfibroazol (hypertriglyceridemia)

A

Biliary disease

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11
Q

First line treatment for HHS

A

Fluids

then insulin

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12
Q

First line treatment for Diabetes insipidis

A

Desmopressin

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13
Q

what drug causes ginvival hyperplasia

A

Pheytonin

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14
Q

Treatment for pregnant women with non-bloody diarrhea

A

Azithromycin

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15
Q

Treatment for allergic conjuncitivits

A

Olopatidine drops

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16
Q

Best effective treatment agasint dental caries

A

Flouride

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17
Q

Normal dose of Vit D for infant

A

400 IU

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18
Q

First line treatment for acute sinutits

A

Oxymetazoline and pseduoephrine

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19
Q

Ranolazine

what drug class ?

A

Anti-anginal medication
for stable angia
next step after bblocker, nitro, statin

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20
Q

What medication is contrindicated in wolff parkinson white syndrome?

A 
ABCD 
adensoine 
beta-blockers
calcium channel blockers
digoxin
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21
Q

what do inotroph drugs do

A

increases or decreases heart muscle contraction

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22
Q 
Ibutilitde 
what drug class and what does it do
A

for A fib with wolff parkinson white together

antiarythmic

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23
Q

what drug can be used in pregnant patient for manic episode

A

Haldoperidol

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24
Q

mom just delvered baby and mom is having a seizure what medication do you give her

A

magnesium sulfate

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25
Q

Treatment for BPH

A

Finestride

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26
Q

biochemical physical effect of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics - what the drug does

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27
Q

Absorption, distubtion and metbolism and elinimation of a drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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28
Q

What is a type A adverse drug reaction

A

dose related

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29
Q

what is the type B adverse drug reaction

A

dose independent
allergic response - rash but not anaphylsis that is type A
immune mediated

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30
Q

what are the types of Pharmacokinetics

A

“ADME”
absorption- increased or decreased transit time
Distribupation - binds to plasma protiens
Metabolism - increase or decreased - age, CYP 450
Exrection - increase or decreased renal funciton

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31
Q

what does CYP 450 do

A

it is a protein in the liver that helps break down drugs

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32
Q

what are the types of pharmacodynamic adverse drug reactions

A

exaggerated - like benzo, alcohol

competitive- beta-blocker, albuterol

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33
Q

Where do you report adverse drug reactions

A

medwatch - FDA website
call manufacture
consult pharmacist
inform the patient

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34
Q

What are all the types of hypersensitivity reactions ?

A 
"ACID"  
type 1 anaphylaxis 
type 2 cytotoxic - HIT 
type 3 immune complex - serum sickness, anti-venom  
type 4 poison ivy, PPD
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35
Q

what pregenacy catgegory is Thalidomide (leprosy preventor or help in treatment of MM)

A

X- severely teratogenic

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36
Q

What pregnancy Category:

Studies fail to demonstrate a risk to fetus in 1 st trimester

A

Category- Type A

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37
Q

What pregnancy Category:

Animal studies fail to show risk, and no studies in humans

A

Category- Type B

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38
Q

What pregnancy Category:

Animal studies show risk, but no human, studies performed

A

Category- Type C

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39
Q

What pregnancy Category:

Positive evidence of fetal risk in humans but benefits greater in some situations

A

Category- Type D

40
Q

What pregnancy Category:

Studies show abnormalities, risk always outweighs benefits

A

Category- Type X

41
Q

All pregnancy cateogories - simple version

A 
type A- safe  
type B- fail to show risk in animals 
type C- show risk in animals 
type D - evidence of fetal risk to humans 
type x - risk out weights benefit
42
Q

MOA: inhibits CNS protaglandins & head regulating centers in hypothalamus

A

Acetaminophen- tylenol

no antiinflammatory effects ***

43
Q

Drug class:
Tylenol
Vicodin
Percocet

A

Acetaminophen

44
Q

Adverse Drug reaction:

Acetaminophen

A

Nephropathy - diseased kidneys

hepatoxicity

45
Q

Drug class:
Naproxen
Ketorolac
Meloxicam

A

NSAIDs - nonstredoial anti-inflammatory

46
Q

MOA: inhibits prostaglinids by reversibly blocking COX

A

NSAIDS

47
Q

Adverse Drug reaction:

NSAIDS

A 
GI upset 
Peptic ulcer disease 
Prolonged bleeding time 
nephropathy 
allergic reactions 
bronchospasms- dont use if plumonary disease present
48
Q

Drug class:

aspirin

A

Salicylates

49
Q

MOA: inhibits prostaglinis synthesis by irreversibly blocking COX

A

Aspirin - Salicylates

50
Q

Avoid NSAIDS in which patients ?

A

plumonary dysfunction - can cause bronchospasms
COPD
Asthma

51
Q

name good times to use Salicylates

A

Antipyretic
acute conoar syndrome
cerebroprotective
kawasaki

52
Q

Adverse Drug reaction: to Aspirin

A 
Can cause 
GI upset
peptic ulcer disease 
prolonged bleeding time 
nephropathy 
allergic reaction
reye syndrome *** dont use in children
53
Q

avoid aspirin in what patients

A

plumonary dysfunction - can cause bronchospasms
COPD
Asthma
*same as NSAIDS

54
Q

Drug class:
Morphine
codeine
methadone

A

Opioids

55
Q

When do you use opioids?

A

analgesia
antitussive- codeine
anesthesia-adjunct

56
Q

Adverse Drug reaction: Opioids

A

SPEND
SCRAM

S- sedation 
P- postural hypotension 
E- euphoria 
N- nausea
D - derm rashes 
S- Sex hormone drugs 
C- constipation 
***R- respiratory depression*****  
A- addiction 
M- miosis - pinpoint pupils
57
Q

what is the reversal agent to opoids

A

Naloxone - Bupromorphine

58
Q

What are DMARDS

A 
PAIN MEDICATIONS - rhematoid arthritis
Methotrexate 
Leflunomide 
Sulfasalazine
Hydroxychloroquine
Minocycline - NOT FDA approved
59
Q

MOA: inhibitis dihydrofolate reductase

A

Methotrexate - DEMARD

60
Q

DMARDS are good drugs for what disease

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Methotrexate

61
Q

Adverse drug reactions: DMARDS

A 
remember decreases folate- 
GI - N/V/D 
Hematologic
Teratogenic - methotreXate 
hepatic
62
Q 
What drug class: 
Etanercept 
infliximab 
adalimumab
golimumab 
certolizumab
A

Biologic DMARD

TNF inhibtor

63
Q

What drug class:

abatacept

A

Biologic DMARD

T cell inhibitor

64
Q 
What drug class 
Rituximab
A

Biologic DMARD

-B cell modifier

65
Q 
what  drug class 
Tocilizumab
A

Biologic DMARD

- IL-6 inhibitor

66
Q 
what drug class
anakinra
A

Biologic DMARD

- IL-1 inhibitor

67
Q

MOA: Target pro-inflammatory mediators

A

Biologic DMARDS

68
Q

Adverse drug reaction to biologic to DMARD

A

They are injectables so site reactions
GI
Black box warning* infections, tuberculosis

69
Q

Drug class-

Metformin

A

Biguanide

70
Q

MOA: decreases hepatic glucose output, inhibits gluconeogenesis converts intestinal glucose to lactic acid

A

Biguanide - Metformin

71
Q

When to use metformin?

A

Type 2 DM

PCOS

72
Q

adverse drug reaction:

Metformin

A

Hypoglycermia DOES NOT OCCUR
if too high can cuase lactic acidosis
check renal functions

73
Q

Drug class:
Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylureas

74
Q

MOA: stimulates B-cells to release insulin, increasing insulin sensitivity

A

Sulfonylureas - Glyburide, Glipizide

75
Q

when to use Sulfonylureas

A

Type 2 DM

76
Q

Adverse drug reactions to Sulfonylureas

A

Hypoglycemia
weight gain
disulfiram like reaciton *
Avoid if severe renal failure ***

77
Q

Drug class:
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinediones

78
Q

MOA: decrese hepatic glucose production by increasing liver and muscle sensitivity to insulin

A

Thiazolidinediones - Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone

79
Q

Adverse Drug reactions: Thiazolidinediones

A

Hepatotoxicity
Cardiovascular- MI, CHF
BLACKBOX IN ANY HEART PROBLEMS

80
Q 
Drug class: 
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
linagliptin
allogliptin
A

Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4

DDP-4

81
Q

MOA: Increase the action of endogenous incretin

A

THEY ARE ADD ON MEDICATIONS
think of decreasing the appetite drug
Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 —- DDP-4
Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin

82
Q

Adverse drug reactions to Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 —- DDP-4

A

Nasopharyngitis

Pancreatitis

83
Q

Drug class:
Dapaglifozin
Empagliflozin
Canaglifozin

A

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 —– SGLT 2

think “FLOZIN” will cause glucose in urine

84
Q

MOA: blocks glucose by the re-absorption by the kidney

A

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 —– SGLT 2

85
Q

Adverse drug reactions

A

Dehydration
UTI
Vaginal yeast infection
infections

86
Q

Which drug:

Black box warning for lactic acidosis

A

Metformin- Biguanide

87
Q

Which drug:

Treatment for Type 2 DM and can cause Hypoglycemia

A

Sulfonylureas

88
Q

Which drug: Treatment for Type 2 DM and have to avoid if severe renal failure

A

metformin and Sulfonylureas (glyburide, glipidze)

89
Q

Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, black box warning for Cardiovascular disease

A

Thiazolinidiones
rosiflitazone
pioglitazone

90
Q

Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, can cause nasopharyngitis & pancreatitis

A

Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4
DDP-4
sitagliptin, saxagliptin

91
Q

Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, can cause dehydration, UTI, vaginal yeast infections

A

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 —– SGLT 2

dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

92
Q 
Drug class: 
Exenatide
Liraglutide
ablitutide 
dulatiglutide
A

Glucagon like peptide- 1 —– GLP-1

INJECTABLE

93
Q

MOA: Acts on pancrease to modulate & enhance insulin secreation in response to meals

A 
Glucagon like peptide- 1 ----- GLP-1 
Exenatide
Liraglutide
ablitutide 
dulatiglutide
94
Q

MOA: exogenous protein that mimics endogenous insulin

A

Insulin

95
Q

Adverse drug reactions: Insulin

A

Hypoglycemia – if taking too much
Lipodystrophy
Weight gain
allergic reaction

96
Q

Treatment for Hyperkalemia and DKA

A

Insulin

PANCE- Things I didnt know (21 decks)

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