Pharmacology - part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
First line treatment for to prevent coronary vasospasm in a subarhnoid hemorrhage
A
Nimodiopine 60mg every 4 hours
can crush and put in their NG tube if needed
2
Q
First line treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension
A
Acetozolimide
3
Q
Pts older than 50 or alcholics needing treatment for meningitits get what ?
A
Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Ampilicillin
4
Q
medications is considered first line therapy for absence seizure
A
Ethoxsimide
5
Q
what is the treatment of a UTI in a pregnant patient
A
cephalexin 500 mg QID for 7 days
6
Q
what is the treatment for prostitiis in an elderly male >60
A
Ciprofloxacin for 30 days
7
Q
what is the treatment for hyperkalemia
A
- Calcium - stabilize cell
- Sodium bicarb - shift into the cell
- Furosimide - Eliminate from the body
8
Q
What is the treatment medication for prostate cancer
A
leuprolide
9
Q
Treatment for pheochromocytoma
A
phentolomine & Lobatol
10
Q
Contrindication for Gemfibroazol (hypertriglyceridemia)
A
Biliary disease
11
Q
First line treatment for HHS
A
Fluids
then insulin
12
Q
First line treatment for Diabetes insipidis
A
Desmopressin
13
Q
what drug causes ginvival hyperplasia
A
Pheytonin
14
Q
Treatment for pregnant women with non-bloody diarrhea
A
Azithromycin
15
Q
Treatment for allergic conjuncitivits
A
Olopatidine drops
16
Q
Best effective treatment agasint dental caries
A
Flouride
17
Q
Normal dose of Vit D for infant
A
400 IU
18
Q
First line treatment for acute sinutits
A
Oxymetazoline and pseduoephrine
19
Q
Ranolazine
what drug class ?
A
Anti-anginal medication
for stable angia
next step after bblocker, nitro, statin
20
Q
What medication is contrindicated in wolff parkinson white syndrome?
A
ABCD adensoine beta-blockers calcium channel blockers digoxin
21
Q
what do inotroph drugs do
A
increases or decreases heart muscle contraction
22
Q
Ibutilitde what drug class and what does it do
A
for A fib with wolff parkinson white together
antiarythmic
23
Q
what drug can be used in pregnant patient for manic episode
A
Haldoperidol
24
Q
mom just delvered baby and mom is having a seizure what medication do you give her
A
magnesium sulfate
25
Treatment for BPH
Finestride
26
biochemical physical effect of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body
Pharmacodynamics - what the drug does
27
Absorption, distubtion and metbolism and elinimation of a drug
Pharmacokinetics
28
What is a type A adverse drug reaction
dose related
29
what is the type B adverse drug reaction
dose independent
allergic response - rash but not anaphylsis that is type A
immune mediated
30
what are the types of Pharmacokinetics
"ADME"
absorption- increased or decreased transit time
Distribupation - binds to plasma protiens
Metabolism - increase or decreased - age, CYP 450
Exrection - increase or decreased renal funciton
31
what does CYP 450 do
it is a protein in the liver that helps break down drugs
32
what are the types of pharmacodynamic adverse drug reactions
exaggerated - like benzo, alcohol
| competitive- beta-blocker, albuterol
33
Where do you report adverse drug reactions
medwatch - FDA website
call manufacture
consult pharmacist
inform the patient
34
What are all the types of hypersensitivity reactions ?
```
"ACID"
type 1 anaphylaxis
type 2 cytotoxic - HIT
type 3 immune complex - serum sickness, anti-venom
type 4 poison ivy, PPD
```
35
what pregenacy catgegory is Thalidomide (leprosy preventor or help in treatment of MM)
X- severely teratogenic
36
What pregnancy Category:
| Studies fail to demonstrate a risk to fetus in 1 st trimester
Category- Type A
37
What pregnancy Category:
| Animal studies fail to show risk, and no studies in humans
Category- Type B
38
What pregnancy Category:
| Animal studies show risk, but no human, studies performed
Category- Type C
39
What pregnancy Category:
| Positive evidence of fetal risk in humans but benefits greater in some situations
Category- Type D
40
What pregnancy Category:
| Studies show abnormalities, risk always outweighs benefits
Category- Type X
41
All pregnancy cateogories - simple version
```
type A- safe
type B- fail to show risk in animals
type C- show risk in animals
type D - evidence of fetal risk to humans
type x - risk out weights benefit
```
42
MOA: inhibits CNS protaglandins & head regulating centers in hypothalamus
Acetaminophen- tylenol
| no antiinflammatory effects ***
43
Drug class:
Tylenol
Vicodin
Percocet
Acetaminophen
44
Adverse Drug reaction:
| Acetaminophen
Nephropathy - diseased kidneys
| hepatoxicity
45
Drug class:
Naproxen
Ketorolac
Meloxicam
NSAIDs - nonstredoial anti-inflammatory
46
MOA: inhibits prostaglinids by reversibly blocking COX
NSAIDS
47
Adverse Drug reaction:
| NSAIDS
```
GI upset
Peptic ulcer disease
Prolonged bleeding time
nephropathy
allergic reactions
bronchospasms- dont use if plumonary disease present
```
48
Drug class:
| aspirin
Salicylates
49
MOA: inhibits prostaglinis synthesis by irreversibly blocking COX
Aspirin - Salicylates
50
Avoid NSAIDS in which patients ?
plumonary dysfunction - can cause bronchospasms
COPD
Asthma
51
name good times to use Salicylates
Antipyretic
acute conoar syndrome
cerebroprotective
kawasaki
52
Adverse Drug reaction: to Aspirin
```
Can cause
GI upset
peptic ulcer disease
prolonged bleeding time
nephropathy
allergic reaction
reye syndrome *** dont use in children
```
53
avoid aspirin in what patients
plumonary dysfunction - can cause bronchospasms
COPD
Asthma
*same as NSAIDS
54
Drug class:
Morphine
codeine
methadone
Opioids
55
When do you use opioids?
analgesia
antitussive- codeine
anesthesia-adjunct
56
Adverse Drug reaction: Opioids
SPEND
SCRAM
```
S- sedation
P- postural hypotension
E- euphoria
N- nausea
D - derm rashes
```
```
S- Sex hormone drugs
C- constipation
***R- respiratory depression*****
A- addiction
M- miosis - pinpoint pupils
```
57
what is the reversal agent to opoids
Naloxone - Bupromorphine
58
What are DMARDS
```
PAIN MEDICATIONS - rhematoid arthritis
Methotrexate
Leflunomide
Sulfasalazine
Hydroxychloroquine
Minocycline - NOT FDA approved
```
59
MOA: inhibitis dihydrofolate reductase
Methotrexate - DEMARD
60
DMARDS are good drugs for what disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
| Methotrexate
61
Adverse drug reactions: DMARDS
```
remember decreases folate-
GI - N/V/D
Hematologic
Teratogenic - methotreXate
hepatic
```
62
```
What drug class:
Etanercept
infliximab
adalimumab
golimumab
certolizumab
```
Biologic DMARD
| TNF inhibtor
63
What drug class:
| abatacept
Biologic DMARD
| T cell inhibitor
64
```
What drug class
Rituximab
```
Biologic DMARD
| -B cell modifier
65
```
what drug class
Tocilizumab
```
Biologic DMARD
| - IL-6 inhibitor
66
```
what drug class
anakinra
```
Biologic DMARD
| - IL-1 inhibitor
67
MOA: Target pro-inflammatory mediators
Biologic DMARDS
68
Adverse drug reaction to biologic to DMARD
They are injectables so site reactions
GI
Black box warning* infections, tuberculosis
69
Drug class-
| Metformin
Biguanide
70
MOA: decreases hepatic glucose output, inhibits gluconeogenesis converts intestinal glucose to lactic acid
Biguanide - Metformin
71
When to use metformin?
Type 2 DM
| PCOS
72
adverse drug reaction:
| Metformin
Hypoglycermia DOES NOT OCCUR
if too high can cuase lactic acidosis
check renal functions
73
Drug class:
Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
Sulfonylureas
74
MOA: stimulates B-cells to release insulin, increasing insulin sensitivity
Sulfonylureas - Glyburide, Glipizide
75
when to use Sulfonylureas
Type 2 DM
76
Adverse drug reactions to Sulfonylureas
Hypoglycemia
weight gain
disulfiram like reaciton *
Avoid if severe renal failure ***
77
Drug class:
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinediones
78
MOA: decrese hepatic glucose production by increasing liver and muscle sensitivity to insulin
Thiazolidinediones - Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
79
Adverse Drug reactions: Thiazolidinediones
Hepatotoxicity
Cardiovascular- MI, CHF
BLACKBOX IN ANY HEART PROBLEMS
80
```
Drug class:
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
linagliptin
allogliptin
```
Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4
| DDP-4
81
MOA: Increase the action of endogenous incretin
THEY ARE ADD ON MEDICATIONS
think of decreasing the appetite drug
Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 ---- DDP-4
Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin
82
Adverse drug reactions to Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 ---- DDP-4
Nasopharyngitis
| Pancreatitis
83
Drug class:
Dapaglifozin
Empagliflozin
Canaglifozin
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 ----- SGLT 2
| think "FLOZIN" will cause glucose in urine
84
MOA: blocks glucose by the re-absorption by the kidney
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 ----- SGLT 2
85
Adverse drug reactions
Dehydration
UTI
Vaginal yeast infection
infections
86
Which drug:
| Black box warning for lactic acidosis
Metformin- Biguanide
87
Which drug:
| Treatment for Type 2 DM and can cause Hypoglycemia
Sulfonylureas
88
Which drug: Treatment for Type 2 DM and have to avoid if severe renal failure
metformin and Sulfonylureas (glyburide, glipidze)
89
Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, black box warning for Cardiovascular disease
Thiazolinidiones
rosiflitazone
pioglitazone
90
Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, can cause nasopharyngitis & pancreatitis
Dipeptidyl peptidase- 4
DDP-4
sitagliptin, saxagliptin
91
Which drug: Treatment for type 2 DM, can cause dehydration, UTI, vaginal yeast infections
Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 ----- SGLT 2
| dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
92
```
Drug class:
Exenatide
Liraglutide
ablitutide
dulatiglutide
```
Glucagon like peptide- 1 ----- GLP-1
| INJECTABLE
93
MOA: Acts on pancrease to modulate & enhance insulin secreation in response to meals
```
Glucagon like peptide- 1 ----- GLP-1
Exenatide
Liraglutide
ablitutide
dulatiglutide
```
94
MOA: exogenous protein that mimics endogenous insulin
Insulin
95
Adverse drug reactions: Insulin
Hypoglycemia -- if taking too much
Lipodystrophy
Weight gain
allergic reaction
96
Treatment for Hyperkalemia and DKA
Insulin
