Pharmacology - part 3 Flashcards
Drug Category: Negivolol Atenolol Metoprolol Esmolol Bisprolol
Beta- 1- selective blockers
MOA: Blocks catecholamine stimulation at endogenous beta receptors
Beta- 1- selective blockers
What are reasons to use Beta-1- selective blockers
Hypertension Angina Dysrhythmia MI Glaucoma Thyrotoxicosis Anxiety
Side effects of this drug: cardiac drug Hypoglycemia hypotension bradycardia heart block bronchospasm
Beta- 1- selective blockers
Drug category: Verapamil Diltilazem Nifedipine Amlodipine
Calcium channel blockers
MOA: blcoks intracellular calcium influx
Calcium channel blockers
Side effects of this drug: cardiac drug
Hypotension
Bradycardia
constipation*
Calcium channel blockers
Treatment for Calcium channel blockers toxicity
Calcium & Glucagon
Drug category:
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
ACE inhibitor
MOA: Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I -> II
ACE inhibitor
Side effects of this drug: cardiac drug
Cough
Angiodedema
Hyperkalemia
ACE inhibitor or Angiotensin receptor blockers
Drug category:
Losartan
Valsartan
Irbesartan
Angiotensin receptor blockers
MOA: Blocks angiotensin receptor
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Drug category:
clonidine
Guanfacine
Methyldopa
Central alpha-2 agonists
MOA: Presynaptic stimulation inhibits release
Central alpha-2 agonists
clonidine
Guanfacine
Methyldopa
Side effects of this drug: Central alpha-2 agonists ->
clonidine
Guanfacine
Methyldopa
its a cardiac like med used for alcohol and nicotine withdrawal will cause
hypotension
bradycadia
sedation
what are these drugs used for? Central alpha-2 agonists ->
Clonidine
Guanfacine
Methyldopa
Hypertension
alcohol & Nicotine withdrawal
Drug category:
Terazosin
prazosin
Doxazosin
Alpha-1- antagonists
MOA: Blocks post synaptic alpha-1 stimulation causing decrease in peripheral vascular resistance therefore decreasing blood pressure
Alpha-1- antagonists
Terazosin
prazosin
Doxazosin
what are these drugs used for Alpha-1- antagonists ->
Terazosin
prazosin
Doxazosin
Hypertension & Benign prostate hyperplasia *
Drug category: Hydrochlorothiazide Chlorothiazide Metolazone Indapamide
Thiazide Diuretics
MOA: inhibitis NaCL reabsorption in the distal tubule therefore increasing water excretion
Thiazide Diuretics
Side effects of this cardiac drug: * HYPOkalemia Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia * HYPERcalcemia
Thiazide Diuretics
Contindiation to these two drugs:
HCTZ
Chlorothiazide
if the GFR is < 30mL/min
Drug category:
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Loop Diuretics
MOA: Inhibits Na/K/Cl resportption in the loop of Henle
Loop Diuretics
Side effects to this cardiac drug:
HYPOkalemia
HYPOcalcemia
Loop Diuretics
Thiazides will have low K but HIGH calcium
Drug category?
Digoxin
Cardiac glycosides
MOA: blocks Sodium- Potassium ATPase pump and increases vagal tone
Cardiac glycosides - > digoxin
What is Cardiac glycosides - > digoxin used for?
Atrial Fibrialallation
Congestive heart failure
Side effects to this cardiac drug: V. Tach, PVC's Bradycardia, GI upset CNS- confusion Blue green vision*
Cardiac glycosides - > digoxin
Drug Category? Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactam
Beta-lactam antibiotics
MOA: Bactericidial , inhitibits bacteria cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactam antibiotics : Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactam
What organisms do Beta-Lactam antibiotics cover?
Gram positive and Gram negative
Drug category?
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
MOA: Bactericial- prevents bacterial DNA unwinding and replication
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
What organisms do Fluoroquinolones antibiotics cover?
Gram positive and Gram negative
Drug side effects :Black box warning for tendons, muscles, joints and CNS
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Drug side effects :QT prolongation
Fluoroquinolones & macrolides
Drug category: Azithromycin erythromycin Telithromycin Clarithromycin
Macrolides
MOA: Bacteriostatic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Macrolides Azithromycin erythromycin Telithromycin Clarithromycin
What organisms do Macrolides antibiotics cover?
Mostly Gram positive
liimited to some gram negative
What antibiotic can cause hearing loss?
Macrolide:
Erythromycin
SIde effects: caution with stains, QT proglongation, hearing loss
Macrolides Azithromycin erythromycin Telithromycin Clarithromycin
What is an example of a glycopeptide
Vancomycin
MOA: bectericidal inhibitis peptidoglycan synthesis
glycopeptide:
Vancomycin
What organisms do Glycopeptide (vancomycin) cover?
Gram postitive - MRSA
Side effects of this drug: Red-man syndrome
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
glycopeptide:
Vancomycin
Drug category:
Doxycyline
minocycline
Tetracycline
MOA: bacteriostatic- binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis
Tetracyclines:
Doxycyline
minocycline
Covers- gram postitive & gram negative as well as chlamydiae, mycoplasmas & rickettsiae
Tetracyclines:
Doxycyline
minocycline
Side effects of this drug: avoid in children <8 years old, during pregnancy & lactation
Tetracyclines:
Doxycyline
minocycline
Drug category: Gentamicin Amikacin -IV only Tobramycin. Kanamycin. Streptomycin Neomycin
Aminoglycosides
MOA: Bactericidal binds to 30S ribosmal subunit and inhibits protien synthesis
Aminoglycosides ->
Gentamin
tobramycin
neomycin
covers Gram negative rods
Aminoglycosides ->
Gentamin
tobramycin
neomycin
Side effects of this drug: otoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockage
Aminoglycosides ->
Gentamin
tobramycin
neomycin
What is a example of Antifolate drugs
Trimethoprim
MOA: Bacteriostatic, inhibits DNA, RNA & protein production by blocking folate pathway
Antifolate:
Trimethoprim
What does Trimethoprim cover?
Both Gram neg and Pos
