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PANCE- Things I didnt know > Cardio 2 > Flashcards

Cardio 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of shock

A 
"SHOCKD" 
Sepsis
Hypovolemia
Obstructive- MI, PE 
Cardiac0 MI, HF
K- "coristol" 
Distritive- poor distruption of blood, think sepsis
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2
Q

What is the Framingham classic risk factors

A 
Risk factors for Atheroscleorsis: 
Male
Age
DM
Smoking
Family hx
HTN
HLD
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3
Q

What is a autoimmune disease that cause young artherosclerosis

A

Lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis
HIV
Kidney disease

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4
Q

What Calcium channel blocker has refactory tachycardia

A

Nifidipine

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5
Q

what is post-MI pericarditis

A

Dressler’s

its autoimmune can be months after MI

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6
Q

What is the EKG progression in MI

A
  1. T wave flatten, invert or can be hyperacute
  2. ST depression = ischemia
  3. ST elevation = infacrt
  4. Q waves = dead tissue
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7
Q

what are the First changes in EKG in MI

A

Hyperacute T waves

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8
Q

What leads cover Septal or posterior wall

A

V1-V2

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9
Q

What leads cover

Anterior wall

A

V3-V4

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10
Q

What leads cover

Lateral wall

A

V5, V6, I, AVL

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11
Q

What leads cover

Inferior wall

A

II, III, AVF

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12
Q

What cardiac biomarker rises the first in MI

A

Myoglobin

1-3 hours

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13
Q

What are the Bio markers rising in order

A

Myoglobin 1-3h
CK-MB 3-6h
Troponin 4-6 hours

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14
Q

When do you give Fibrinolytics?

A

If PCI is more than 90minutes

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15
Q

What are absolute contraindications to fibrinolytics

A
  1. Hemorrhagic stroke-EVER
  2. Store in last year
  3. Intracranial neoplasm
  4. active bleed
  5. Aortic dissection!
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16
Q

what is a relative contrindiation to fibrinolytics?

A

Elevated Bp >180/110

just treat BP 150/80 then treat with fibrinolytic

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17
Q

where is most common location for Aortic aneurysm

A

Infrarenal

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18
Q

What size do you consider surgery for Aortic aneurysm

A

> 5.0

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19
Q

what is the cause of peripheral artery disease

A

athrosclorosis

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20
Q

what condition is associated with GCA

A

Polymyalgia Rhematica

PMR

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21
Q

key terms:
loss of wall tension in veins
statis of flow
ulcerations Medial ankle

A

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

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22
Q

What are the most common types of strokes

A

Ischemic 80%
Thromobitc
Embolic- heart
Hemorrhagic

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23
Q

What type of Aortic dissection

proximal ascending aorta

A

Type A

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24
Q

What Aortic dissection has the worst prognosis and needs surgery asap

A

Type A

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25
Q

What type of aortic disseciton

distal aortic

A

Type B
medical managment
IV bblocker

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26
Q

What diagnosis- bttock claudication and erctile disfuctnion in the promixaml aortoiliac artery

A

Leriche’s syndrome

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27
Q

What level of ABI is abnormal

A

< 0.9

28
Q

CT : Blood around the circle of willis

A

Subarchnoid hemorrhage

29
Q

key terms:

sudden on set worse headache of life, syncope

A

Subarchnoid hemorrhage

30
Q

where is the most common site for Subarchnoid hemorrhage

A

anterior circle of willis

31
Q

what are sounds of vavles closing

A

S1 , S2, S3

32
Q

What is the sound of dilated ventricle filling

A

S3 gallop “sack of beans”

33
Q

what is the sound of blood slapping a thick ventricle wall

A

S4 “still as board”

34
Q

What is the diagnosis for heart sound “rub”

A

pericardial effusion

“boots crunching on snow”

35
Q

What murmurs are not innocent

A

Diastolic

36
Q

These type of murmur
represent backflow across an outlet valve (pulmonic/aortic)
of flow across AV vavles
HR and SV will be compromised

A

Diastolic murmurs

happen during venticular filling/ artiral contraction

37
Q

Murmur: Left lower sternal boarder

Mid-diastolic rumble, crescendo-decrescendo, holosystolic

A

Mitral stenosis

38
Q

key terms for this murmur:

Rhematic fever, wet lungs HF, Stroke, osler nodes, janeway lesions, infracts

A

Mitral stenosis

39
Q

Key terms for this murmur: Left upper sternal boarder austin flint, wide pulse pressure, hypoerfulsioin, thick left ventricle wall

A

Aortic Regurgitation

40
Q

left upper stenal boarder, Eccentric, early diastolic decrecendo

A

Aortic Regurgitation

41
Q

Treatment for mitral stenosis?

A

ACE to prevent remolding and help reduce afterload

42
Q

Treatment fro Aortic reguaritation?

A
  1. SURGERY! replace valve
  2. Digoxin
    DO NOT GIVE: fluids, bblockers, vasopressors
43
Q

Treatment fro Aortic reguaritation?

A
  1. SURGERY! replace valve
  2. Digoxin
    DO NOT GIVE: fluids, bblockers, vasopressors
44
Q

what are the most common murmurs

A

systolic

45
Q

Key terms for this murmur:
Systolic
Right upper sternal board, pulsus parvus et tardus (decrease and delayed pulse) loud that radiates to carotids
spilt S2

A

Aortic Stenosis

Aortic scleosis

46
Q

Key terms for this murmur:

soft S1, early systolic, split S2, history of Left sided heart failure, radiates to axilla

A

Mitral Regurgitation

47
Q

Key terms for his systolic murmur

Eisenmengers (right side dilation from left), Old septal MI, pulm hypertension

A

Ventricular septal defect

48
Q

Continuous machine-like heart murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

49
Q

Still’s mumur

A

from more turblent flow
left upper sternal boarder
systolic
associated with pregnancy

50
Q

Treatment for Aortic Stenosis

A

Increase preload

fluids, pressures, nitrates

51
Q

Tregology of fallot

what does PROVe stand for

A 
PROVe
pulmonary stenosis
Right ventrivular hypertrophy 
Over ridding aorta 
Ventricular septal defect
52
Q

Grade the murmurs

A

Grade 1/6: Barely audible with the stethoscope in a quiet room
Grade 2/6: Quiet, but clearly audible with the stethoscope
Grade 3/6: Moderately loud murmur
Grade 4/6: Loud murmur associated with a thrill
Grade 5/6: May be heard with the stethoscope partially off the chest, obvious thrill
Grade 6/6: Heard with the stethoscope entirely off the chest, obvious thrill

53
Q

what cardiac med used in acute MI has not been proven to reduce mortaility?

A

Nitro
it helps decrease preload and afterload but has not proven to help reduce dealth
mainly helps with pain levels

54
Q

what is the most common complication to a pace maker ?

A

infection

55
Q

what is the number 1 risk factor for aortic disseciton?

A

hypertension

56
Q

most common symptom in essential hypertension

A

asymptomatic

57
Q

what is Pentoxyphylline

A

treatment for preiperal veinous disease

58
Q

what anticoagulant drug are you not allowed to use after it has already been administered in the past?

A

Streptokinase

59
Q

Name the positive chonotrops in order of potency

A

Isoproterenol > Epi > Dobutamine > Norepi; Diltiazem

60
Q

Lupus is most likely to have what cardiac problem?

A

Pericarditis

61
Q

what is the most common cause of PEA

A

Hypovolemia

62
Q

What is the number rule with reading EKG’s

A 
start the line after the EKG mark lines up then count
300
150
100
75
60
63
Q

what other heart abnormaility is common with coratc of the aorta ?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

- should have tricuspid

64
Q

what murmur is most common with marfan syndrome?

A

Aortic reguritation

65
Q

plumonary capillary wedge pressure meausres what?

A

left atrial filling pressure

PANCE- Things I didnt know (21 decks)

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