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PANCE- Things I didnt know > Cardio 2 > Flashcards

Cardio 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of shock

A 
"SHOCKD" 
Sepsis
Hypovolemia
Obstructive- MI, PE 
Cardiac0 MI, HF
K- "coristol" 
Distritive- poor distruption of blood, think sepsis
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2
Q

What is the Framingham classic risk factors

A 
Risk factors for Atheroscleorsis: 
Male
Age
DM
Smoking
Family hx
HTN
HLD
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3
Q

What is a autoimmune disease that cause young artherosclerosis

A

Lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis
HIV
Kidney disease

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4
Q

What Calcium channel blocker has refactory tachycardia

A

Nifidipine

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5
Q

what is post-MI pericarditis

A

Dressler’s

its autoimmune can be months after MI

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6
Q

What is the EKG progression in MI

A
  1. T wave flatten, invert or can be hyperacute
  2. ST depression = ischemia
  3. ST elevation = infacrt
  4. Q waves = dead tissue
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7
Q

what are the First changes in EKG in MI

A

Hyperacute T waves

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8
Q

What leads cover Septal or posterior wall

A

V1-V2

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9
Q

What leads cover

Anterior wall

A

V3-V4

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10
Q

What leads cover

Lateral wall

A

V5, V6, I, AVL

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11
Q

What leads cover

Inferior wall

A

II, III, AVF

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12
Q

What cardiac biomarker rises the first in MI

A

Myoglobin

1-3 hours

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13
Q

What are the Bio markers rising in order

A

Myoglobin 1-3h
CK-MB 3-6h
Troponin 4-6 hours

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14
Q

When do you give Fibrinolytics?

A

If PCI is more than 90minutes

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15
Q

What are absolute contraindications to fibrinolytics

A
  1. Hemorrhagic stroke-EVER
  2. Store in last year
  3. Intracranial neoplasm
  4. active bleed
  5. Aortic dissection!
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16
Q

what is a relative contrindiation to fibrinolytics?

A

Elevated Bp >180/110

just treat BP 150/80 then treat with fibrinolytic

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17
Q

where is most common location for Aortic aneurysm

A

Infrarenal

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18
Q

What size do you consider surgery for Aortic aneurysm

A

> 5.0

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19
Q

what is the cause of peripheral artery disease

A

athrosclorosis

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20
Q

what condition is associated with GCA

A

Polymyalgia Rhematica

PMR

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21
Q

key terms:
loss of wall tension in veins
statis of flow
ulcerations Medial ankle

A

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

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22
Q

What are the most common types of strokes

A

Ischemic 80%
Thromobitc
Embolic- heart
Hemorrhagic

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23
Q

What type of Aortic dissection

proximal ascending aorta

A

Type A

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24
Q

What Aortic dissection has the worst prognosis and needs surgery asap

A

Type A

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25
What type of aortic disseciton | distal aortic
Type B medical managment IV bblocker
26
What diagnosis- bttock claudication and erctile disfuctnion in the promixaml aortoiliac artery
Leriche's syndrome
27
What level of ABI is abnormal
< 0.9
28
CT : Blood around the circle of willis
Subarchnoid hemorrhage
29
key terms: | sudden on set worse headache of life, syncope
Subarchnoid hemorrhage
30
where is the most common site for Subarchnoid hemorrhage
anterior circle of willis
31
what are sounds of vavles closing
S1 , S2, S3
32
What is the sound of dilated ventricle filling
S3 gallop "sack of beans"
33
what is the sound of blood slapping a thick ventricle wall
S4 "still as board"
34
What is the diagnosis for heart sound "rub"
pericardial effusion | "boots crunching on snow"
35
What murmurs are not innocent
Diastolic
36
These type of murmur represent backflow across an outlet valve (pulmonic/aortic) of flow across AV vavles HR and SV will be compromised
Diastolic murmurs | happen during venticular filling/ artiral contraction
37
Murmur: Left lower sternal boarder | Mid-diastolic rumble, crescendo-decrescendo, holosystolic
Mitral stenosis
38
key terms for this murmur: | Rhematic fever, wet lungs HF, Stroke, osler nodes, janeway lesions, infracts
Mitral stenosis
39
Key terms for this murmur: Left upper sternal boarder austin flint, wide pulse pressure, hypoerfulsioin, thick left ventricle wall
Aortic Regurgitation
40
left upper stenal boarder, Eccentric, early diastolic decrecendo
Aortic Regurgitation
41
Treatment for mitral stenosis?
ACE to prevent remolding and help reduce afterload
42
Treatment fro Aortic reguaritation?
1. SURGERY! replace valve 2. Digoxin DO NOT GIVE: fluids, bblockers, vasopressors
43
Treatment fro Aortic reguaritation?
1. SURGERY! replace valve 2. Digoxin DO NOT GIVE: fluids, bblockers, vasopressors
44
what are the most common murmurs
systolic
45
Key terms for this murmur: Systolic Right upper sternal board, pulsus parvus et tardus (decrease and delayed pulse) loud that radiates to carotids spilt S2
Aortic Stenosis | Aortic scleosis
46
Key terms for this murmur: | soft S1, early systolic, split S2, history of Left sided heart failure, radiates to axilla
Mitral Regurgitation
47
Key terms for his systolic murmur | Eisenmengers (right side dilation from left), Old septal MI, pulm hypertension
Ventricular septal defect
48
Continuous machine-like heart murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
49
Still's mumur
from more turblent flow left upper sternal boarder systolic associated with pregnancy
50
Treatment for Aortic Stenosis
Increase preload | fluids, pressures, nitrates
51
Tregology of fallot | what does PROVe stand for
``` PROVe pulmonary stenosis Right ventrivular hypertrophy Over ridding aorta Ventricular septal defect ```
52
Grade the murmurs
Grade 1/6: Barely audible with the stethoscope in a quiet room Grade 2/6: Quiet, but clearly audible with the stethoscope Grade 3/6: Moderately loud murmur Grade 4/6: Loud murmur associated with a thrill Grade 5/6: May be heard with the stethoscope partially off the chest, obvious thrill Grade 6/6: Heard with the stethoscope entirely off the chest, obvious thrill
53
what cardiac med used in acute MI has not been proven to reduce mortaility?
Nitro it helps decrease preload and afterload but has not proven to help reduce dealth mainly helps with pain levels
54
what is the most common complication to a pace maker ?
infection
55
what is the number 1 risk factor for aortic disseciton?
hypertension
56
most common symptom in essential hypertension
asymptomatic
57
what is Pentoxyphylline
treatment for preiperal veinous disease
58
what anticoagulant drug are you not allowed to use after it has already been administered in the past?
Streptokinase
59
Name the positive chonotrops in order of potency
Isoproterenol > Epi > Dobutamine > Norepi; Diltiazem
60
Lupus is most likely to have what cardiac problem?
Pericarditis
61
what is the most common cause of PEA
Hypovolemia
62
What is the number rule with reading EKG's
``` start the line after the EKG mark lines up then count 300 150 100 75 60 ```
63
what other heart abnormaility is common with coratc of the aorta ?
Bicuspid aortic valve | - should have tricuspid
64
what murmur is most common with marfan syndrome?
Aortic reguritation
65
plumonary capillary wedge pressure meausres what?
left atrial filling pressure

PANCE- Things I didnt know (21 decks)

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