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PANCE- Things I didnt know > Musculo- Lower extremites > Flashcards

Musculo- Lower extremites Flashcards

1
Q

Shortened limb in external rotation

A

Hip fracture

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2
Q

Shortened limb in internal rotation

A

Hip dislocation

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3
Q

anterior or posterior more common for hip dislocation

A

posterior

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4
Q

no blood flow to bone -> bone death -> bone collapse -> joint destruction

A

Avascular necrosis

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5
Q

Barlow test

A

<3 months old

Hip dislocation

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6
Q

Ortolani test

A

< 3 months old

Hip Reolcation

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7
Q

key terms- histoyr of breech dlivery, baby has uneven gluteal folds, unequal femur lenghts

A

Hip Dysplasia

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8
Q

Treatment for Hip Dysplasia

A

Pavlik Harness Tips

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9
Q

key terms- young boy groin/knee pain

painless limp, decrease hip ROM

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

-AVN of hip

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10
Q

key terms- flattened & fragmented frog leg x-ray

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

- AVN of hip

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11
Q

Key terms- young/teenage boy who is African american, Hispanic, obese, hip, thigh, knee pain, external rotation of leg, internal rotation is painful

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

- often BILATERAL !

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12
Q

Xray of hip shows abnormal Klein line

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Klein line- is a line that your draw on top of femoral neck and should intersect epiphysis

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13
Q

Treatment for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

A

Emergent Surgery !

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14
Q

widen hips that cause abnormal patella tracking - increased Q angle

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

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15
Q

key terms- increased Q angle, pain with stair climbing, pain with patellar compression, tighten quadriceps

A

Patellofemoral syndrome

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16
Q

key terms- knee twist or squat, locking, McMurray, apley & Thessaly positive

A

Meniscus tear

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17
Q

Apley grind test

A

person is laying on their belly
lift leg up in 90 degree
and push on foot and gride it
pain = torn meniscus

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18
Q

Thessaly test

A

person holds on to the exam table and bens knees a little and twists back and forth
pain = torn meniscus

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19
Q

what is the best test for ACL tear

A

lachmans

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20
Q

Tibial tubercule apophysitis in teenage boy

A

Osgood schlatter disease

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21
Q

key terms- patient states that it feels full behind one knee, you palpate a mass

A

Baker - popliteal cyst

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22
Q

medial or lateral patella dislocation most common?

A

Lateral

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23
Q

what is the most common artery and the most common nerve to be damaged in Knee dislocation

A

Popliteal artery !!!

Peroneal nerve

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24
Q

what are important diangositics to get on knee dislocatoin

A

important to remember that the knee can spontaneosuly relocation

  • ankel-brachial index
  • arteriography **
  • ultra sounds
  • CT angiography
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25
Thompson test
Achilles tendon tear | squeezing calf and no plantar flexion
26
what are the most common ligaments injured in Ankle sprain
Anterior talofibular ligament * Calcanelofibular ligment Posterior talofibular ligment
27
Ottawa ankle rules
1. Medial malleolus - tip 6cm above 2. Lateral malleolus- tip 6cm above 3. navicular 4. base 5th metatarsal 5. walk 4 steps
28
What are the grades of Ankle sprain
Grade 1- stretch ligment Grade 2- Partial tear Grade 3- complete tear
29
What is a Weber classification
how to classify a angle fracture
30
Weber A fracture
Fracture of the ankle below the syndesmosis
31
Weber B fracture
At the syndesmosis
32
Weber C fracture
Fracture of the ankle | above the syndesmosis
33
what is the most common type of ankle fracture
weber type B | at the syndesmosis
34
Maisonneuve fracture
Proximal 1/3 fibula fracture PLUS widened syndesmosis PLUS Medial malleolus fracture
35
Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis at calcaneal orgin
Plantar fasciitis
36
Key terms- sharp heel pain in the morning
Plantar fasciitis
37
Perineural fibrosis of the interdigital nerve of the 3rd and 4th MT head
Morton Neuroma - buring pain - walking on a marble
38
Medial deviation of the 1st MT head
Hallux valgus - Bunion
39
key terms- Midfoot tendreness, xray shows diastatsis 1st -2nd joint
Lisfranc injury
40
what joint holds the midfoot to the forefoot
Lisfranc joint
41
Avulsion fracture of teh peroneus brevis at the base of the 5th MT
Dancer Fracture | -inversion-plantar flexion
42
Transverse fracture of the proximal 5th MT at teh metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction
Jones Fracture
43
Heberden nodes
DIP nodes in osteoarthritis
44
Bouchard
PIP joint nodes in osteoarthritis
45
at what age to start bone density scan ?
women >65 | men >70
46
What is a normal T score
- 1 to 1 | - 1 to -2.5 osteopenia
47
Treatment for osteoprosis
1. exercise 2. vit D 3. bisphosphonates 4. Raloxifene
48
Key terms- history of injury to limb, extereme pain, intense pressure, numbness/tingling, muscle weakness, palor, decrease pulse in affected limb
Compartment syndrome
49
How do you diagnose compartment syndrome
measure the tissue pressure >30mmHg
50
treatment for compartment syndrome
Fasciotomy
51
Most common organism with Acute Osteomyelitis
Staph aureus
52
Most common organism with Acute Osteomyelitis & sickle cell
Salmonella
53
Most common organism with Nongonococcal Septic arthritis
Staph aureus if fake joint * coagulase negative staph ! usually less red & creats a biofilm
54
Benign cartilaginous bone tumor most commonly found around the knee
Osteochondroma
55
what is the most common benign tumor
Osteochondroma
56
fluid filled bone lesiosn usually found posterior humerus/femur in teenagers
Unicameral bone cyst
57
Mesencyme derived bone cancer producing malignant ostoid usually in distal femur
Osteosarcoma
58
key terms- bone pain for weeks/months, swelling near joint, pain waking them up at night
Osteosarcoma
59
xray- sun burst
Osteosarcoma
60
most common malignant tumor of bone
``` Metastatic disease! came from somewhere else!!! BREASTS * LUNG PROSTATE ```
61
What key lab finding will be elevated in Metatstic bone cancer
Alkaline phosphatase
62
Lab values for Septic Arthtitis wbc neturophils
wbc 50,000 | neturophils 75%
63
key terms: kid, distal femur pain
Osteochondroma | looks like an extra piece of bone at the end of long bones
64
most common bening bone tumor
osteochondroma
65
mesynchyme derived bone tumor
osteosacroma
66
what is the most common bone cancer
1. multiple myloma | 2. osteosacroma
67
key terms- xray onion peel, sunburst, periosteal reaction
osteosacroma
68
most common location for osteosacroma
end of long bone | distal femur
69
most common malignant tumor of bone
metastatic disease - breast - lung - prostate - kidney
70
what lab value is elevated in metastatic bone cancer
Alkalne phosphatase !!!
71
rhomboid shaped crystal
pseudogout
72
x-ray with condrocalcinosis
pseudogout
73
key terms rash of levido reticulars | molding
polyartirits nodasa
74
key terms: rash on legs, arthritis pain, kidneys will be affected, maybe hep B, ANCA +, intrarenal aneursm
polyarititis nodsa | PAN
75
ANCA +
polyarititis nodsa | PAN
76
intrarenal aneursm
polyarititis nodsa | PAN
77
treatment for polyarititis nodsa | PAN
HIGH dose steroids
78
key terms: proximal limb weakness, neck muscle weakness, +/- skin rash around eyes
polymyositis | if the skin is involved Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis
79
best diagnostic tool for polymyositis
muscle biopsy
80
Heliotroph rash where is it located what is the diagnsosi
around the eyes | Dermatomyositis
81
Dermatomyositis has a very strong assocation with what? | EXAM !!!!!!!!!!!!!
CANCER
82
polymyalgia rheumatic has a strong association with what
temporal artritis
83
key terms- older female with chronic, pain in neck, and pelivs, fever, fatigue
polymyalgia rheumatic
84
seronegative arthritis
reactive arthritis
85
key terms- chronic joint pain, extra articular sysmptoms (eyes, lungs, heart) , DIP joints are spared, symmetric bony erosin
rhematoid arthritis
86
Anti-CCP +
rhematoid arthritis
87
Treatment for rhematoid arthritis
methotrxate
88
what is still's disease
Juvillne arthritits
89
key terms- kid-teenager with salmon colored rash that gets worse at night, spiking fevers, joint pain - pacuiarthicular, polyarthicular
Juvillne arthritits
90
Treatment for Juvillne arthritits
NSAIDS and refer | most like resolve on own
91
Anti-DNA +
Lupus also Anti-Smith
92
Discoid rash
Lupus
93
how many criteria need to be met before diagnosing lupus
``` 4 remember common ones rash sparing nasolabia folds -* malar rash discoid rash *kidney failure *oral ulcers seizures ```
94
Treatment for Lupus
NSAIDS, steroids, Methotrexate
95
deposition of collagin in tissues
scleroderma
96
Anti-smith +
Lupus | also anti-DNA
97
Scleroderma is associated with what ?
Pulmonary hypertension High right sided heart pressures ! EXAM !!!
98
what is CREST syndrome
``` Limited Scleroderma Calcinosis Raynaud Esophageal dysmotility - GERD Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias ```
99
what makes Scleroderma dissuse
``` slerotic skin on chest , abdomen, upper arms heart lungs GI tract Kidney ```
100
Anti-centromere antibody +
Scleroderma
101
Schmiers test | < 5 mm wetting
Sjogren syndrome
102
Treatment for Sjogren syndrome
articifal tears pilocarpine - muscarinic agonist methotrexate - suppress the immune system

PANCE- Things I didnt know (21 decks)

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