Wk9 - Resistance to change Flashcards
What is resistance to change?
Behaviour that attempts to maintain the status quo.
What is the traditional perspective on resistance to change and how may that be changing?
Resistance was perceived as a negative.
Modern view - benefits may be identified by exploring reasons for resistance.
What are the six methods to manage resistance as proposed by Kotter and Schlesinger.
- education and communication
- participation
- facilitation and support
- negotiation
- manipulation
- coercion
Pros and cons of: education and communication
Pro - creates willing attitude towards change
Cons - time consuming
When to use: education and communication
people lack information
people have inaccurate information
What are education and communication approaches?
one one one discussion
presentation to groups
reports
demonstrations
Pros and cons of: participation
Pros - adds information, builds commitment, reduced resistance through complicity
Cons - very time consuming, potential for poor solution
When to use: participation
other people have important information
other people have power to resist
What are participation approaches?
assistance in design and implementation
contribution of ideas and advice
forming task forces or committees
Pros and cons of: facilitation and support
pros - satisfies resource and psychological needs
cons - time consuming, expensive
When to use: facilitation and support
resistance comes from resource or adjustment problems
What are facilitation and support approaches?
providing socioemotional support
actively listening to problems
providing training
overcoming performance pressures
Pros and cons of: negotiation
pros - avoids major resistance
cons - formalised and adversarial relationships
When to use: negotiation
when a person or group will lose something
What are negotiation approaches?
offering incentives to actual or potential resistors
working out trade offs to provide special benefits in exchange to eliminate resistance
