Wk 5: ankle & foot Flashcards
Interphalangeal joints - ligaments
- Collateral ligaments
- Plantar ligaments
Collateral ligaments limit (interphalangeal)
flexion
Plantar ligaments limit (interphalangeal)
extension
Interphalangeal joints classification
synovial
uniaxial
hinge
Interphalangeal joints movements
flexion and extension
Metatarsophalangeal joints – ligaments
Collateral ligaments
Plantar ligaments
Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
Collateral ligaments (metatarsophalangeal)
- Limits: flexion
- Prevents: adduction and abduction in flexion
Plantar ligaments (metatarsophalangeal)
- Forms part of the articular surface
- Limits: extension
Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments (metatarsophalangeal)
- Keeps the metatarsal heads together
- Important in weight bearing
Metatarsophalangeal joints classification
synovial
biaxial
condyloid
Metatarsophalangeal joints movements
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
Metatarsophalangeal joints aritcular surfaces
head of the metatarsal and base of the adjacent phalanx
Tarsometatarsal joint classification
synovial
multiaxial
plane
Tarsometatarsal joint movements
flexion & extension
(some ab & rotation at the first joint)
Tarsometatarsal joint articular surfaces
- 1st metatarsal with medial cuneiform
- 2 nd (recessed) with intermediate cuneiform, as well as medial & lateral cuneiforms
- 3 rd with lateral cuneiform
- 4 th with lateral cuneiform & cuboid
- 5 th with cuboid
Calcaneocuboid joint classification
synovial
multiaxial
plane
Calcaneocuboid joint articular surfaces
Facet on anterior surface of calcaneus
Posterior facet of the cuboid
Calcaneocuboid joint ligaments
- Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament
- Long plantar ligament
- Bifurcate ligament (lateral part only)
Talocalcaneonavicular joint classification
synovial
multiaxial
ball & socket
Talocalcaneonavicular joint articular surfaces
- Anterior facet on upper surface of calcaneus (female): sometimes in two parts
- Posterior facet of the navicular (female)
- Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
- Head and (partially) neck of the talus (male)
Subtalar joint classification
synovial
multiaxial
plane
Subtalar joint articular surfaces
Facet on under surface of the talus (female)
Posterior facet on upper surface of calcaneus (male)
Subtalar joints ligaments
- Interosseous (talocalcaneal) ligament
- Two bands both anterior to the joint
- Run almost vertically in the space between talus and calcaneus
- Calcaneal parts of the ankle ligaments also cross this joint
Talocalcaneonavicular joint ligaments
- Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
- Bifurcate ligament (medial part only)
Inversion
- Plantarflexion
- Adduction
- Supination
Eversion
- Dorsiflexion
- Abduction
- Pronation
Joints of the foot
- Subtalar Mid-tarsal
- Tarsometatarsal
- Metatarsophalangeal
- Interphalangeal
Lateral collateral ligaments
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Anterior talofibular limits
plantarflexion
Anterior talofibular prevents
posterior slide of fibula and tibia on talus
Posterior talofibular limits
dorsiflexion
Posterior talofibular prevents
anterior slide of tibia and fibula on talus
Calcaneofibular limits
dorsiflexion
Calcaneofibular prevents
adduction at ankle
Medial collateral (deltoid) ligament shape
Extensive, triangular in shape
Superficial parts of medial collateral ligament
- Tibionavicular
- Tibiocalcaneal
Together prevent abduction at ankle
Deep parts of medial collateral ligament
- Anterior tibiotalar: limit plantarflexion
- Posterior tibiotalar: limit dorsiflexion
Articular surface tibia
- Inferior (trochlear) surface of the tibia
- Medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) articular facets
Articular surface talus
male surface
- Tibiotalar surface is weightbearing
- Medial and lateral articular facets are non weightbearing
Articular surface trochlear of the talus
wider anteriorly
- Ankle moves into dorsiflexion it becomes more stable
Joint capsule
- Attaches to the articular margins of the bones involved
- More extensive anteriorly where it extends onto the neck of the talus
- Collateral ligaments provide medial and lateral reinforcement to the capsule
ankle joint classification
synovial
uniaxial
hinge
ankle joint movements
dorsiflexion 30°
plantarflexion 50°