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Anatomy > Wk 2: joint & ligaments > Flashcards

Wk 2: joint & ligaments Flashcards

Arthrology & hip joint

1
Q

Joint

A

union between two or more bones

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1
Q

Fibrous

A

Fibrous tissue joins the bones

Amount of movement depends on length of fibres

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1
Q

Suture (fibrous)

A
  • Only found in the skull
  • Bones are linked by short fibres of connective tissue
  • Little to no movement
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1
Q

Joint classification

A
  • Structure: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
  • Amount of movement available: immobile, slightly mobile and freely mobile
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1
Q

Syndesmosis (fibrous)

A
  • Forearm & leg
  • Bones are linked by longer bands of connective tissue
  • Very slightly mobile
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1
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Cartilage tissue joins the bones

Amount of movement depends on the type of cartilage

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2
Q

Symphysis or secondary cartilaginous

A
  • A disc of fibrocartilage binds 2 bones together
  • Found in the mid-line of the body
  • Slightly mobile
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2
Q

First sternocostal joint (Synchondrosis)

A
  • Very limited mobility
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2
Q

Synovial

A

Bones lined with cartilage (joint cavity)

Amount of movement depends on the shape of the joint

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2
Q

Synchondrosis or primary cartilaginous

A
  • Found at epiphyseal plates (where bone growth occurs)
  • Eventually completely ossify
  • Epiphyseal line & immobile
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3
Q

Synovial joint classification

A
  • Shape
  • Degrees of freedom (uni, bi, multiaxial)
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3
Q

Joint axes (synovial)

A
  • Anteroposterior: front to back
  • Horizontal: side to side/left to right
  • Longitudinal: vertical or along length of bone
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3
Q

Degrees of freedom (synovial)

A

Number of axes about which movement occurs

Uniaxial: one pair of movements

Biaxial: two pairs of movements

Multiaxial: three pairs of movements

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4
Q

Axis is perpendicular to the plane (of body) (synovial)

A
  • Sagittal perpendicular to horizontal
  • Coronal perpendicular to anteroposterior axis
  • Transverse perpendicular to longitudinal axis
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5
Q

Movement axes and their movements possible (synovial)

A
  • Longitudinal: rotation
  • Anteroposterior: abduction/adduction and lateral flexion
  • Horizontal: flexion/extension
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6
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that occur at joints

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7
Q

Ligament functions

A
  • Act as a mechanical constraint
  • Prevent undesired movement
  • Permit limited amounts of desired movement
  • Sensory: proprioception
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8
Q

Types of ligaments

A
  • Intra-capsular: deep to capsule
  • Capsular: re-enforces capsule
  • Extra-capsular: away from capsule
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9
Q

Bursae

A

Fluid-filled sacs around many synovial joints: potential space

Function to reduce friction as structures slide on one another thus

Located between layers of muscles

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10
Q

Articular Discs

A

Fibrocartilage pads between the articular surfaces of some synovial joints

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11
Q

Functions of articular discs

A
  • Shock absorbers
  • Permit different movements to occur in the joint
  • Aid mechanical fit between articular surfaces
  • Restrain movement
  • Assist lubrication
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12
Q

Active movement

A

Produced by muscle contraction

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13
Q

Passive movement

A

Produced by an external force

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14
Q

Passive movement types

A

Passive physiological: can also be produced actively

Passive accessory: the movement cannot be produced actively

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15
Q

Roll (roll spin glide)

A

one surface rolls across the other (contact of new parts of both surface)

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16
Q

Spin (roll spin glide)

A

one surface spins relative to the other surface around a fixed central axis

17
Q

Glide (roll spin glide)

A

one surface slides across the other (contact of new parts of one surface with the same parts of another surface)

18
Q

Flexion

A

reduces angle between bones

bend knee back

19
Q

Extension

A

increase angle between bones

straighten leg

20
Q

Abduction

A

the movement of a bone away from the midline

straight leg moves up on the side

21
Q

Adduction

A

the movement of a bone towards the midline

straight leg moves downon the side

22
Q

Medial/lateral rotation

A

Movement of bone around longitudinal axis

23
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction, and rotation in succession

24
Q

Inversion

A

medial movement of sole

25
Q

Eversion

A

lateral movement of sole

26
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending foot in direction of dorsum (superior surface)

bending foot up

27
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bending foot in direction of plantar surface (sole)

bending foot down

28
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

29
Q

Supination

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly.

30
Q

Ball and socket axes

A

Multiaxial

31
Q

Ball and socket movement

A

All movements

32
Q

Ball and socket example

A

Hip and shoulder

33
Q

Hinge joint axes

34
Q

Hing joint movement

A

Flexion and extension

35
Q

Hinge joint example

36
Q

Ellipsoid joint axes

37
Q

Ellipsoid example

38
Q

Condyloid joint axes

39
Q

Condyloid joint movements

A

Flexion, extension and slight rotation

40
Q

Condyloid joint example

A

Knee and metacarpal

41
Q

Pivot axes

42
Q

Pivot movement

A

Pronation and supination

43
Q

Pivot example

44
Q

Saddle joint axes

45
Q

Saddle joint movements

A

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

46
Q

Saddle joint example

47
Q

Plane joint axes

48
Q

Plane joint movement

A

Slight gliding movement

49
Q

Plane joint example

A

intertarsal and intercarpal

50
Q

Hinge joint description

A

Projection fits into a slot parallel

51
Q

Condyloid joint description

A

Oval projection fits into an oval hollow

52
Q

Pivot joint description

A

Round process fits within a ring

53
Q

Saddle joint description

A

Concave in convex in a cross shape

54
Q

Ball and socket joint description

A

Ball fits into a socket

Anatomy (14 decks)

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