Wk 4: knee joint

Question 1

Knee Joint Complex

Answer 1

at least two synovial joints within one capsule

• Tibiofemoral: medial and lateral part
• Patellofemoral

Question 2

Tibiofemoral joint classification

Answer 2

• Synovial
• Condyloid
• Biaxial

Question 3

Tibiofemoral joint movements

Answer 3

• Flexion 140º
• Extension 0-5º
• Internal/medial rotation 10º-20º if flexed
• External/lateral rotation 30º-40º if flexed

Question 4

Tibiofemoral joint number of axes

Answer 4

two

Question 5

Tibiofemoral Articular Surfaces

Answer 5

• Femoral condyles: convex, medial & lateral
• Tibial condyles: flat and separated by intercondylar area

Question 6

Patellofemoral articular surfaces

Answer 6

• Patella surface of femur
• Articular surface of patella (facets)

Question 7

Patellofemoral classification

Answer 7

• Synovial
• Plane

Question 8

Patellofemoral movements

Answer 8

• Gliding

Question 9

Patella type of bone

Answer 9

• Sesamoid bone: base, apex, articular facets

Question 10

Joint Capsule

Answer 10

• Attaches to articular margins (femoral condyles)
• Attaches to medial & lateral margins (tibial condyles)
• Incomplete and thin: anteriorly (quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament) and posteriorly (e.g. popliteus tendon)

Question 11

Knee Retinacula

Answer 11

• Medial & lateral patellar retinaculum
• From vastus medialis & vastus lateralis
• Lateral retinaculum blends with iliotibial tract
• Medial retinaculum blends with periosteum of tibia

Question 12

Patella function

Answer 12

• Mechanical advantage for knee extension

Question 13

Patella location

Answer 13

• Centred in intercondylar groove of femur

Question 14

Synovial Membrane location

Answer 14

Anteriorly attaches to patella

Posteriorly closes off intercondylar fossa

Question 15

Synovial Membrane

Answer 15

• Lines the joint capsule
• Extensive and complex
• Does not enclose the cruciate ligaments
• Communicates with some bursa

Question 16

Bursae includes

Answer 16

• Pes anserine (on medial tibia)
• Suprapatellar (extends 6cm superior to patella)
• Infrapatellar
• Prepatellar

Question 17

Extracapsular ligaments

Answer 17

Fibular/Lateral collateral ligament

Popliteofibular ligament

Patella ligament

Tibial/Medial collateral ligament

Oblique Popliteal

Arcuate Popliteal

Anterolateral ligament

Question 18

Intracapsular ligaments

Answer 18

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL

Posterior Cruciate Ligament PCL

Posterior meniscofemoral

Medial & Lateral Meniscus

Question 19

Fibular collateral ligament attatches

Answer 19

Lateral femoral epicondyle

Question 20

Fibular collateral ligament limits

Answer 20

extension
lateral rotation

Question 21

Fibular collateral ligament prevents

Answer 21

adduction

Question 22

Popliteofibular ligament attatches

Answer 22

popliteus tendon

• Apex of head of fibula

Question 23

Popliteofibular ligament limits

Answer 23

lateral rotation of the tibia

Question 24

Patella ligament attatches

Answer 24

• From patella to tibial tuberosity
• Continuation of quadriceps tendon
• Receives retinacula

Question 25

Patella ligament function

Answer 25

mechanical advantage in knee extension

Question 26

Tibial collateral ligament attatches

Answer 26

Medial femoral **epicondyle** Medial tibial condyle & shaft Medial meniscus

Question 27

Tibial/Medial collateral ligament limits

Answer 27

extension medial rotation 

Question 28

Tibial collateral ligament prevents

Answer 28

abduction

Question 29

Oblique Popliteal function

Answer 29

Strengthens central posterior joint capsule

Question 30

Oblique Popliteal location

Answer 30

* Expansion of semimembranosus * Travels superolaterally to femur

Question 31

Arcuate Popliteal function

Answer 31

Strengthens inferolateral posterior joint capsule

Question 32

Arcuate Popliteal location

Answer 32

Is an expansion of the tendon of biceps femoris attachment * Travels superomedially over popliteus

Question 33

Anterolateral ligament attachment and location

Answer 33

Attaches: lateral femoral condyle Location: midway between anterolateral tubercle & head of fibula

Question 34

Anterior Cruciate Ligament attatches

Answer 34

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia Posteromedial surface of lateral femoral condyle

Question 35

Anterior Cruciate Ligament limits

Answer 35

anterior slide of tibia on femur medial rotation

Question 36

Anterior Cruciate Ligament type

Answer 36

Extra-synovial

Question 37

Posterior Cruciate Ligament attatches

Answer 37

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia Lateral medial femoral condyle

Question 38

Posterior Cruciate Ligament limit

Answer 38

posterior slide of tibia on femur medial rotation

Question 39

Posterior Cruciate Ligament type

Answer 39

Extra-synovial

Question 40

Posterior meniscofemoral attatches

Answer 40

Connects lateral meniscus to PCL

Question 41

Posterior meniscofemoral purpose

Answer 41

Secondary restraint to support PCL

Question 42

Medial & Lateral Meniscus purpose

Answer 42

Shock absorption Increase congruence