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Anatomy > Wk 4: knee joint > Flashcards

Wk 4: knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

Knee Joint Complex

A

at least two synovial joints within one capsule

  • Tibiofemoral: medial and lateral part
  • Patellofemoral
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2
Q

Tibiofemoral joint classification

A
  • Synovial
  • Condyloid
  • Biaxial
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3
Q

Tibiofemoral joint movements

A
  • Flexion 140º
  • Extension 0-5º
  • Internal/medial rotation 10º-20º if flexed
  • External/lateral rotation 30º-40º if flexed
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4
Q

Tibiofemoral joint number of axes

A

two

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5
Q

Tibiofemoral Articular Surfaces

A
  • Femoral condyles: convex, medial & lateral
  • Tibial condyles: flat and separated by intercondylar area
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6
Q

Patellofemoral articular surfaces

A
  • Patella surface of femur
  • Articular surface of patella (facets)
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7
Q

Patellofemoral classification

A
  • Synovial
  • Plane
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8
Q

Patellofemoral movements

A
  • Gliding
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9
Q

Patella type of bone

A
  • Sesamoid bone: base, apex, articular facets
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10
Q

Joint Capsule

A
  • Attaches to articular margins (femoral condyles)
  • Attaches to medial & lateral margins (tibial condyles)
  • Incomplete and thin: anteriorly (quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament) and posteriorly (e.g. popliteus tendon)
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11
Q

Knee Retinacula

A
  • Medial & lateral patellar retinaculum
  • From vastus medialis & vastus lateralis
  • Lateral retinaculum blends with iliotibial tract
  • Medial retinaculum blends with periosteum of tibia
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12
Q

Patella function

A
  • Mechanical advantage for knee extension
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13
Q

Patella location

A
  • Centred in intercondylar groove of femur
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14
Q

Synovial Membrane location

A

Anteriorly attaches to patella

Posteriorly closes off intercondylar fossa

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15
Q

Synovial Membrane

A
  • Lines the joint capsule
  • Extensive and complex
  • Does not enclose the cruciate ligaments
  • Communicates with some bursa
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16
Q

Bursae includes

A
  • Pes anserine (on medial tibia)
  • Suprapatellar (extends 6cm superior to patella)
  • Infrapatellar
  • Prepatellar
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17
Q

Extracapsular ligaments

A

Fibular/Lateral collateral ligament

Popliteofibular ligament

Patella ligament

Tibial/Medial collateral ligament

Oblique Popliteal

Arcuate Popliteal

Anterolateral ligament

18
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL

Posterior Cruciate Ligament PCL

Posterior meniscofemoral

Medial & Lateral Meniscus

19
Q

Fibular collateral ligament attatches

A

Lateral femoral epicondyle

20
Q

Fibular collateral ligament limits

A

extension
lateral rotation

21
Q

Fibular collateral ligament prevents

22
Q

Popliteofibular ligament attatches

A

popliteus tendon

  • Apex of head of fibula
23
Q

Popliteofibular ligament limits

A

lateral rotation of the tibia

24
Q

Patella ligament attatches

A
  • From patella to tibial tuberosity
  • Continuation of quadriceps tendon
  • Receives retinacula
25
Q

Patella ligament function

A

mechanical advantage in knee extension

26
Q

Tibial collateral ligament attatches

A

Medial femoral epicondyle

Medial tibial condyle & shaft

Medial meniscus

27
Q

Tibial/Medial collateral ligament limits

A

extension
medial rotation

28
Q

Tibial collateral ligament prevents

29
Q

Oblique Popliteal function

A

Strengthens central posterior joint capsule

30
Q

Oblique Popliteal location

A
  • Expansion of semimembranosus
  • Travels superolaterally to femur
31
Q

Arcuate Popliteal function

A

Strengthens inferolateral posterior joint capsule

32
Q

Arcuate Popliteal location

A

Is an expansion of the tendon of biceps femoris attachment

  • Travels superomedially over popliteus
33
Q

Anterolateral ligament attachment and location

A

Attaches: lateral femoral condyle

Location: midway between anterolateral tubercle & head of fibula

34
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament attatches

A

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia

Posteromedial surface of lateral femoral condyle

35
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament limits

A

anterior slide of tibia on femur

medial rotation

36
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament type

A

Extra-synovial

37
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament attatches

A

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia

Lateral medial femoral condyle

38
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament limit

A

posterior slide of tibia on femur

medial rotation

39
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament type

A

Extra-synovial

40
Q

Posterior meniscofemoral attatches

A

Connects lateral meniscus to PCL

41
Q

Posterior meniscofemoral purpose

A

Secondary restraint to support PCL

42
Q

Medial & Lateral Meniscus purpose

A

Shock absorption

Increase congruence

Anatomy (14 decks)

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