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Anatomy > Wk 3: myology > Flashcards

Wk 3: myology Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle characteristics

A

Excitability
Contractibility
Elasticity
Extensibility

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2
Q

Excitability (muscle characteristics)

A

tissue responds to a stimulus

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3
Q

Contractility (muscle characteristics)

A

tissue can shorten & generate force

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4
Q

Extensibility (muscle characteristics)

A

tissue can be stretched

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5
Q

Elasticity (muscle characteristics)

A

tissue can return to original length

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6
Q

Muscle types

A
  • Smooth: non-striated and involuntary
  • Cardiac: striated and involuntary
  • Skeletal: striated and voluntary
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7
Q

Gross anatomy of skeletal muscle

A
  • Belly: the bulk of the muscle
  • Attachments: to the skeleton
  • Muscles CROSS joints
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8
Q

Types of attatchments

A
  • Proximal attachment (origin usually): least mobile bone
  • Distal attachment (insertion usually): most mobile bone
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9
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A
  • Surround tendons as they pass through tunnels or over other structures
  • Reduce friction (contain synovial fluid)
  • Common at distal ends of limbs
  • Allow efficient ‘action’ long distances from muscle belly: prevent tendons pulling away from skeleton
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10
Q

Skeletal muscle attachments

A

Fleshy

Tendon

Raphe

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11
Q

Fleshy (muscle attatchment)

A

muscle fibres attach directly to bone with a small amount of connective tissue

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12
Q

Tendon (muscle attachment)

A

muscle fibres attach to a cord of connective tissue that attaches to bone

fibre-> connective tissue -> bone

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13
Q

Raphe (muscle attachment)

A

muscle fibres attach to a sheet of connective tissue that attaches to bone

fibres-> sheet of connective -> bone

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14
Q

Parallel skeletal muscle types

A

Strap
Fusiform
Triangular/convergent
Flat/quadrilateral

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15
Q

Strap

A

long and flat

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16
Q

Fusiform

A

classic type

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17
Q

Triangular/convergent

A

broad origin and narrow insertion

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18
Q

Flat/quadrilateral

A

fibres in same axes as tendon

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19
Q

Oblique skeletal muscle types

A

Unipennate

Bipennate

Multipennate

20
Q

Unipennate

A

muscle fibres attach to one side of tendon only

21
Q

Bipennate

A

fibres attach to both sides of tendon and central septum

22
Q

Multipennate

A

group of several bipennate ‘units’

23
Q

Sliding filament theory:

A
  • Actin (thin) & myosin (thick) filaments slide over one another
  • Produce muscle shortening
24
Q

Parallel muscles

A

maximum shortening of muscle belly

  • Larger range of movement but with less force/power
25
Q

Oblique muscles

A

**less shortening **of muscle belly

  • Less range of movement BUT more force/power
26
Q

Muscle action what to describe

A

what JOINT is MOVED

name of MOVEMENT

27
Q

Functional anatomy

A

is taking the knowledge of the body structures that we learn and applying it to live, moving bodies

28
Q

Action

A

the movement produced when a muscle contracts concentrically in isolation

29
Q

Action is dependant on

A
  • Site of attachments
  • Type of joint
  • Relationship of line of pull to joint
30
Q

Isometric contraction

A
  • Occurs when tension is generated in a muscle
  • Muscle length and angle of joint DOES NOT change
  • Produces no movement
31
Q

Isotonic contraction

A
  • Muscle contraction that changes the length
    Eccentric and concentric
32
Q

Eccentric

A

muscle lengthening

33
Q

Cocentric

A

muscle shortening

34
Q

Functions/roles of skeletal muscles

A
  • Agonist
  • Antagonist
  • Fixator (stabiliser)
  • Synergist (neutraliser)
35
Q

Agonist

A

muscle producing the desired movement by contracting

  • Concentric, eccentric or isometric
36
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle which must relax to allow the desired movement to occur

  • Usually the opposite muscle to the agonist

Cannot have another role

37
Q

Fixator/stabiliser

A

stabilises a body segment so that another muscle can perform an action

  • Acts to eliminate the unwanted movement of an agonist’s origin
38
Q

Synergist/neutraliser

A

assists the agonist to produce the desired movement by cancelling the unwanted action of the agonist

39
Q

External forces

A

Gravity: force acting on every object

Momentum: can produce movement

40
Q

Two joint muscles

A

passes over two joints

  • Implications for recruitment: increased requirement for synergism
  • Implications for joint range testing: must consider 2 joint muscles when testing range of motion
41
Q

Length-Tension relationship

A

direct relationship between the tension a muscle fibre can produce and the length of the sarcomeres in that muscle fibre

42
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

max passive length is insufficient to allow full range of movement at both joints together

43
Q

Active insufficiency

A

max length change insufficient to produce full range of movement at both joints together

44
Q

Axis/fulcrum

A

pivot point

45
Q

Force/load

A

external force (gravity/weight, friction)

46
Q

Resistance/effort

A

generated by the muscle pulling

47
Q

Types of levers

A

ARF

Anatomy (14 decks)

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