Wk 1: anat & osteology

Question 1

Standard anatomical position

Answer 1

a field within biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things

Question 2

Gross anatomy

Answer 2

study of major body structures by dissection and observation

Question 3

sagittal plane

Answer 3

divides body into left and right sides

Question 4

midsagittal plane

Answer 4

divides body into equal left and right sides

Question 5

parasagittal plane

Answer 5

divides body into unequal left and right sides

Question 6

coronal plane

Answer 6

divides body into anterior and posterior

Question 7

transverse plane

Answer 7

divides body into upper and lower sections

Question 8

anterior and prosterior

Answer 8

front and back

Question 9

superior and inferior

Answer 9

closer to top or bottom

Question 10

medial and lateral

Answer 10

closer or further from midline

Question 11

promixal and distal

Answer 11

closer or further from trunk

Question 12

superficial and deep

Answer 12

closer or further from inside body

Question 13

ipsilateral or contralateral

Answer 13

on same or opposite side

Question 14

Prone

Answer 14

body lying face down

Question 15

Supine

Answer 15

body lying face up

Question 16

Lateral recumbent

Answer 16

body lying on the side

Question 17

Head

Answer 17

structure that sits on top of the neck

Question 18

Neck

Answer 18

supports head and attaches to the trunk

Question 19

Trunk

Answer 19

chest, abdomen and pelvis

Question 20

Upper limb

Answer 20

attaches to the trunk (arm, forearm, hand)

Question 21

Lower limb

Answer 21

attaches to the trunk (thigh, leg, foot)

Question 22

Osteology

Answer 22

study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures

Question 23

Osseous tissue

Answer 23

Water (25%)

Collagen fibres (25%)

Crystallised mineral salts (50%) - mainly calcium phosphate and deposited and calcified by osteoblasts

Question 24

Osteogenic cells (bone cell)

Answer 24

stem cell

Question 25

Osteoblast (bone cell)

Answer 25

matrix synthesising cell responsible for bone growth (b for build)

Question 26

Osteocyte (bone cell)

Answer 26

mature bone cell that maintains bone matrix

Question 27

Osteoclast (bone cell)

Answer 27

bone resorbing cell

Question 28

Arrangement of bones affect function

Answer 28

Torsional stress is high: bone tissue tightly packed into OSTEONS (compact bone)

Compressive force is high: TRABECULAE, bone tissue arranged in criss cross patterns (spongy bone)

Question 29

Skeleton functions

Answer 29

Support
Protection
Assistance in movement
Mineral homeostasis
Blood cell production
Triglyceride storage

Question 30

Axial skeleton

Answer 30

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

Question 31

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 31

Bones of upper and lower limbs and bones forming girdles - legs and arms

Question 32

Long bones

Answer 32

length is longer than it’s width

Question 33

Short bones

Answer 33

length, height, width similar

Question 34

Flat bones

Answer 34

bone is flat

Question 35

Sesamoid bones

Answer 35

small bones located at tendon

Question 36

Irregular bones

Answer 36

irregular shape

Question 37

Bone surface marking characteristics

Answer 37

Strengthen bone
Provides passages through bones
Promote bone to bone articulation (joint)
Provide attachment sites
Provide landmarks

Question 38

Depressions and openings

Answer 38

allows passage of blood vessels and some form joints

Question 39

Projections

Answer 39

forms joints or acts as an attachment points for ligaments and tendons

Question 40

Articular surfaces

Answer 40

part of the bone that forms a joint

Question 41

Articular surfaces key features

Answer 41

concave/convex, smooth, synovial membrane