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PHAM01 - term 2 > Wk 32 - Female biological sex > Flashcards

Wk 32 - Female biological sex Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors of UTI?

A
  • Female (15-34)
  • Pregnancy
  • Intercourse
  • Hx UTI
  • Catheterization
  • Immunosuppression
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of UTI?

A
  • Dysuria
  • Freq.
  • Urgency
  • Foul smelling
  • Suprapubic tenderness
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3
Q

What is first line treatment for UTI?

A
  • Usually resolves w/in 3 days
  • Drink fluids
  • Paracetamol
  • Hygiene - front to back
  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol + acidic drink
  • Don’t resist urge to urinate
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4
Q

What are the red flags for UTI?

A
  • No improvement after 3 days
  • Systemic infection
  • Pregnant
  • <16
  • Confused elderly
  • Uncontrolled diabetes
  • Male
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5
Q

What are the risk factors of thrush?

A
  • Broad spec antibiotics: cephalexin, claryth, co-amox
  • Cushing
  • Uncontrolled diabetes + SGLT2
  • Corticosteroids
  • Immunosuppression
  • Pregnancy, COC, HRT
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6
Q

What are the symptoms of thrush?

A
  • Vulval or vagincal itching
  • Redness, burning + irritation
  • Discharge white + cheese like
  • No smell
  • Dysuria
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7
Q

What is first line for thrush?

A

Oral fluconazole

  • 150mg caps stat
  • CI: pregnant + breastfeeding
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8
Q

What is second line for thrush?

A

Clotrimazole 2%:

  • 16-60
  • BD/TDS for wk
  • > 7 days refer
  • W/ 500mg pessary 1 stat at night
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9
Q

What are the counselling points for thrush?

A
  • Avoid tight fitting clothes
  • Wear loose fitting underwear
  • Avoid perfumed prods around genital area
  • Clotrimazole can damage condoms
  • Should clear w/in 7-14 days
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10
Q

What are the red flags for thrush?

A
  • 1st presentation
  • <16 + >60
  • Diabetic
  • 2 in 6 months
  • Hx STI
  • Ab bleed
  • No improvement after 7 days
  • Systemic infection
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11
Q

What are the risk factors of BV?

A
  • pH greater than 4.5
  • Sexually active
  • Deodorant + vag washes
  • Menstruation
  • CuIUD
  • Smoking
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of BV?

A
  • Fishing smelling discharge
  • Grey/white watery discharge
  • Not associated w/ soreness, itching or irritation
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13
Q

What is the treatment for BV?

A

REFER!

  • GP: oral metronidazole
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14
Q

What are the counselling points for BV?

A
  • Avoid douches, deodorant + vag washes, use water
  • Don’t put antiseptic liquid in bath
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15
Q

What is dysmenorrhoea?

A
  • Painful cramping
  • Caused by prod of uterine prostaglandins causing uterine contraction
  • Last 24-72hrs
  • Starts 6-12 months after menarche
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16
Q

When would you refer dysmeenorrhoea?

A

Associated w/ fibroids, endometriosis, PID + IUD

17
Q

What are the risk factors of dysmenorrhea?

A
  • Early age menarche
  • Heavy flow
  • Nulliparity
  • Fx dysmenorrhea
  • Stress
18
Q

What are the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea?

A
  • Cramps
  • Before menstruation for upto 72hrs
  • Cyclical mastalgia (breast pain)
  • N+V
19
Q

What are the treatment options for dysmenorrhoea?

A
  • Paracetamol + ibuprofen
  • Feminax: 15-50, 1st day 2 tabs when pain starts and 1 after 6-8 hrs, 2nd + 3rd 1 every 6-8hrs, max 3 days
20
Q

What are the counselling points for dysmenorrhoea?

A
  • Hot water bottle/heat packs
  • Warm bath
  • Tea: regular, camomile, mint
  • TENS
21
Q

What are the red flags for dysmenorrhoea?

A
  • Severe ab pain
  • Pregnant
  • Persistent post coital bleed
  • Naproxen: Hx peptic ulceration/active bleed, asthma
22
Q

What is menorrhagia + what is the treatment?

A
  • Heavy bleed
  • Tranexamic acid 500mg tabs
  • 18-45yrs w/ regular 21–35-day cycles
  • Once bleeding starts 2 500mg tablets tds
  • If heavy inc to max 8 tabs/day

– Max 4 consecutive days

23
Q

When would you refer when taking tranexamic acid for menorrhagia?

A
  • No red in bleed after 3 cycles
  • Hx thrombotic disease
  • Anticoag
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Tamoxifen
  • Pregnancy + breastfeeding
  • Obese
  • Diabetic
  • Endometrial cancer in 1st degree relative
24
Q

What are the red flags for menorrhagia?

A
  • Unusual vag discharge
  • Fever
  • > 45
  • Irregular periods
  • Pregnant
  • Hx endometrial cancer 1st degree relative
25
Q

What is amenorrhoea?

A
  • Absence of menstruation
  • Refer!
  • Primary: failure to start by 15
  • Secondary: absence for 6 months
26
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia?

A
  • Postcoital bleed
  • Inc discharge
  • Dysuria
  • Pelvic pain
  • Men: dysuria, urethral discharge + discomfort
27
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg BD

28
Q

What are the risk factors of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A
  • Multiple sex partners
  • Unprotected sex
  • IUD
  • Giving birth
  • Vag Surgery
29
Q

What are the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

REFER!!

  • Lower ab pain
  • Vag discharge
  • Ab bleeding
  • Nausea + V
  • Pain during sex
30
Q

Levonorgestrel

A
  • > 16
  • upto 72hrs
  • Vom occurs w/in 2 hrs take another
  • Not for: severe liver dysfunction, ectopic pregnancy
  • Avoid nursing for 8 hrs
  • Take pregnancy test if >5 days late
31
Q

Ulipristal

A
  • No minimum age
  • upto 120hrs
  • Vom occurs w/in 3 hrs take another
  • Not for: severe liver impairment + asthma on oral glucocorticoid
  • Avoid nursing for 1 wk
  • Take pregnancy test if >7 days late
32
Q

What are the red flags for EHC?

A
  • Severe chest pain
  • Breathlessness
  • Swelling of 1 calf
  • Prolonged headache
  • Vision loss
33
Q

What are counselling points for pregnancy?

A
  • Healthy eating
  • Avoid caffeine + alcohol
  • Folic acid 400mcg + vit D 10mcg daily
  • Avoid Vit A
  • N+V: ginger, sea bands
  • Indigestion: gaviscon
  • Constipation: avoid stimulant, use ispaghula husk
34
Q

OTC product for UTI

A

Potassium citrate/sodium citrate:

  • CI: males, children, HPT, pregnancy, CKD + CVD
35
Q

What is the cause of BV?

A
  • Overgrowth of anaerobic organism + loss of lactobacilli
  • pH inc >4.5

PHAM01 - term 2 (21 decks)

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