Wk 30 - Dermatology OTC (General skin disorders) Flashcards
What are the signs + symptoms of dandruff?
- Excessive scales of skin
- White/grey scales
- Itchy
- Associated w/ yeast pityrosporum ovale
What is the treatment for dandruff?
Ketoconazole - 2 to 3x weekly
When would you refer dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis?
- Signs of infection
- Unresponsive to treatment
- Suspected psoriasis
What are the possible triggers of seborrhoeic dermatitis?
- Emotional stress
- Fatigue
- Fungal infection
How does seborrhoeic dermatitis present as?
- Greasy scales w/ w/o itch
- Scalp, hairline, behind ear + ear canal
- Severe: yellow/red papules
What are the causes of acne?
- Inc sebum prod
- Excessive response to hormones
- COC
- Phenytoin
- Lithium
What is the treatment for acne?
Benzyl peroxide:
- Causes: dryness, irritation, peeling
- Avoid strong syn
- 4 wks to work
- No response 2-3 months - refer
What is the POM treatment for acne?
- Azelaic acid: antimicrobial, anti-keratinizing OD/BD
- Roccutane: anti-keratinizing, suppress sebaceous gland activity
What is the presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
- No pustules
- Butterfly rash over cheeks
- REFER
What is the presentation of rosacea + how is it managed?
- Flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, papules, cheek, nose, chin
- Refer: metronidazole
What are the stages of a cold sore?
- Prodromal: tingling
- Eruption w/in 24 hrs
- Rupture
- Scab forms
- 10-14 days to heal
What causes reactivation of cold sores?
- Sun light
- Trauma
- Upset
- Menstruation
- Illness
What is the treatment for cold sores?
Aciclovir cream 5%:
- Best in tingling stage
- 5x a day
- Apply UV sunblock
- Avoid kissing newborn + infants
What is best to use after vesicles have erupted for a cold sore?
- Local anaesthetics
- Antiseptics
- Iodine base
When would you refer a cold sore?
- Affects eye
- Frequent attacks
- Pregnant
- Genital lesions
- In mouth
- Immunosuppressive
- Infants
What are the symptoms of shingles?
- Pain before rash
- Red papules
- Change to vesicles then scabs
- Unilateral
- Pain persists
What are the counselling points for shingles?
- Painkillers
- Rest
- Try not to scratch
- Highly contagious before rash
What are scabies?
- Burrow under skin
- Hatch in 3 wks
- Faecal protein = allergic reaction
- Symptoms after 4-6 wks
What are the symptoms of scabies?
- Itching in finger webs w/ discreet small red lesions
- Itching at night
- Tracks = grey curved lines
What is the treatment for scabies?
Permethrin cream
- Skin clean, cool + dry before applying
- Cotton wool/sponge neck down
- Leave 12-24hrs then wash off
- Repeat after 1 wk
- Itching can continue after several wks after eradication
When would you refer scabies?
- Itching >3wks
- Under 2
What is the treatment for pubic lice?
Permethrin - repeat after 7 days
What causes warts + veruccas + what are the symptoms?
Papilloma virus:
- Warts: raised surface
- Verruca: flattened hard pads w/ black dot
What is the treatment for warts + verrucas?
Salicylic w/ lactic acid (basuka) - not for pregnant/breastfeeding:
- Soak in hot water
- Use emery board to abrade dead skin
- Apply only to warrt
- Can take 12 wks
- Painful + can cause inflammation
What are the symptoms of fungal nail infection?
- Nails thicken + discolour
- Associated w/ nail trauma, immunocompromised, smoking, athlete
When would you refer fungal nail infection?
- Diabetes
- PVD
- Immunosuppressed
- <18
- Pregnant/breastfeeding
- > 2 nails affected
What is the treatment for fungal nail infection?
Amorolfine 5% nail lacquer
- Max 2 nails
- Wkly
- Upto 12 months
When would you refer athletes foot?
Weeping sore/hot + red - infection
What are the symptoms of ring worms + what is the treatment?
- Trunk + limbs: red inflamed, ring like, itchy
- Clotrimazole 1%
What are the counselling points for athletes foot?
- Wash feet BD + dry
- Apply cream to infected area + 2 inches round
- Don’t share towels
- Avoid wearing same shoes everyday
- Wash socks in high temp
What are the counselling points + treatment for corns, bunions + callouses?
- Corn plasters + paints
- Avoid ill fitting shoes
When would you refer for bunions, plasters + corns?
- Diabetes, PVD
- Bunion is disabling
- <15yrs
