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DipWSET 🏆 > WINES OF THE WORLD 🇺🇸 USA - Washington > Flashcards

WINES OF THE WORLD 🇺🇸 USA - Washington Flashcards

1
Q

Climate of Washington

A

Dry and warm in the E part due to the shelter of the Cascade Mountains. The W is cooler and wetter.

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2
Q

Main grape varieties of Washington

A

Wide range, more black than white. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, Riesling (the most planted in the past), Syrah.

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3
Q

Key elements in the topography of Washington

A

Cascade Mountains separate the E part, with the highest % of plantings, from the W.

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4
Q

Washington’s largest appellation

A

Columbia Valley AVA

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5
Q

Names of the sub-AVAs of Columbia Valley AVA

A

Yakima Valley AVA (Red Mountain AVA, Rattlesnake Hills AVA, Snipes Mountain AVA), Horse Heaven Hills AVA, Wahluke Slope AVA.

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6
Q

Names of the sub-AVAs of Yakima Valley AVA

A
  • Red Mountain AVA
  • Rattlesnake Hills AVA
  • Snipes Mountain AVA
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7
Q

Puget Sound AVA

A

NW of Washington, the only AVA W of the Cascade Mountain range, large area but very small plantings, warm and dry summers, wet winters, high rainfall. Madeleine Angevine, Müller-Thurgau, Siegerrebe, Pinot Gris, and Pinot Noir.

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8
Q

Types of businesses that operate in Washington

A

The production is dominated by Chateau Ste. Michelle (in the past it was called Ste. Michelle Vintners, improved by Andrè Tchelistcheff, half of production). Quilceda Creek and Cayuse Vineyards as significant producers also. Great development in the number of wineries during the last 50 years.

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9
Q

Type of soils in Washington

A

Basalt bedrock with sandy, silty loess and alluvial topsoils, free-draining and low nutrients.

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10
Q

Climate of Washington

A

Arid desert-like area due to shelter by the Cascade Range, low rainfall. Continental, low rainfall. Long daylight hours due to the northern latitude. High diurnal range, hot summers and cooler autumn.

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11
Q

Hazards in Washington

A

Frost and winter freeze. Climate change (wine growers are looking for cooler sites).

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12
Q

Main grape varieties of Washington

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, then Merlot, Chardonnay, Riesling and Syrah.

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13
Q

How irrigation is managed in Washington

A

Irrigation sourcing from the Columbia River and its tributaries (drip irrigation mainly, some overhead spraying).

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14
Q

Horse Heaven Hills AVA

A

Sub-appellation of Columbia Valley AVA. Between Yakima Valley, the Columbia River and Washington-Oregon border. 25% of Washington’s production. Mainly blacks with Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah, then Chardonnay and Riesling. S-facing slopes, warm and sunny conditions. Strong winds due to the sloped topography and the Columbia River, so protection from frost, extension of growing season and low diseases pressure.

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15
Q

Wahluke Slope AVA

A

Sub-appellation of Columbia Valley AVA. Centre of Columbia Valley, the warmest and driest, gentle S-facing slopes. Mainly red from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah. Sandy soils and free-draining. Irrigation is needed. Adequate air flow due to the sloped landscape and proximity to the Columbia River reduces frost and winter freeze.

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16
Q

Walla Walla Valley AVA

A

Sub-appellation of Columbia Valley AVA. The fastest growing AVA, multi-state (50% in Oregon). Vineyards are mainly in the NE in the Blue Mountain foothills. E is cooler and wetter than W which is warmer and drier. Wide range of varieties, mainly Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Chardonnay, Viognier and Semillon. No adequate air flow so frost can be a risk. Vinea (growers alliance for sustainable practices.

17
Q

Climate of Yakima Valley AVA

A

Similar to Columbia Valley.

18
Q

Hazards in Yakima Valley AVA

A

Frost and winter freeze in the valley.

19
Q

Main grape varieties of Yakima Valley AVA

A

Chardonnay, then Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Riesling.

20
Q

Red Mountain AVA

A

Sub-appellation of Yakima Valley AVA. E of Yakima Valley, the largest planting, small AVA with high density. Vines on SW-facing slopes poor in nutrients, the warmest climate, large diurnal range. Mainly black grapes, Cabernet Sauvignon.

21
Q

Rattlesnake Hills AVA

A

Sub-appellation of Yakima Valley AVA. S-facing slopes of the Rattlesnake Hills at higher altitudes, cooler temperatures. Riesling mainly, then Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.

22
Q

Washington’s oldest appellation

A

Yakima Valley AVA

23
Q

Washington’s main appellations

A
  • Columbia Valley AVA
  • Yakima Valley AVA
  • Red Mountain AVA
  • Rattlesnake Hills AVA
  • Snipes Mountain AVA
  • Horse Heaven Hills AVA
  • Wahluke Slope AVA
  • Columbia Gorge AVA
  • Puget Sound AVA

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