Why Science? Lecture Notes Flashcards
Empirical methods
Meaning methods of study that are based on objective measurement and systematic observation
Science
The use of systematic observation to acquire knowledge
Hind sight bias
Thinking that you could have predicted something after it has already happened
Overconfidence
Overestimating our ability or intuition to project outcomes
Illusory correlation
Believing there is a causal relationship between two variables when none actually exists
Post hoc ergot propter hoc
A thinking error. Persons often believe that because one event happens immediately after another event, that the first event cause the second event to happen
Three basic attitudes in science
Curiosity, skepticism, and humility
Scientific method
Hypothesis, theory
The biopsychosocial approach
Ewing human behavior from three levels: biological, psychological and social cultural
Two track mind (dual processing)
Thinking, perceiving, and processing occurs on two different levels (conscious and unconscious).
Nature – nurture issue (genetics versus environment)
Judging the relative influence of nature ( biology/genetics) and nurture (environment/learning) on human traits/behavior.
Occam’s Razor
A problem-solving principal developed by William of Ockham in the 14th century. It can be used as a basic rule of thumb in science.
Epistomology
The study of the nature of knowledge and how we acquire. Epistomology asked the question how do we know what we know
The four big ideas in psychology
Critical thinking, biopsychosocial approach, to track mind (dual processing), strengths as well as challenges
Informed consent
A type of consent that requires a briefing
