History of Psychology Lecture Notes Flashcards
Behavior
Anything a human or animal does. Any action that we can observe and record
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Mental processes.
The internal states we infer from behavior, such as thoughts and beliefs, and feelings
Name the 8 schools of thought
Voluntarism, structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt theory, psycho analytic, behaviorism, humanistic psychology and cognitive psychology.
Empiricism
The theory that all knowledge comes from sensory experience
Introspection
Introspection was a method of focusing on internal processes in which subjects made detailed self-report of the reactions thoughts and feelings to various sensory stimuli such as a light or tone.
Operant conditioning
Focuses on how voluntary behaviors are influenced by their consequences
Classical conditioning
Focuses on conditioning involuntary/automatic behaviors to various stimuli
Voluntarism
Focuses on the power of the mind to decide which thoughts/stimuli attend to and behaves to engage in the response of external stimuli
Structuralism
Focuses on understanding the structure of mental processes
Functionalism
Focuses on what the mind does instead of its structure. It also focuses on the way humans adapt to their environment
Gestalt school of thought
Focuses on the minds ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world
Psycho analytic
The size is the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior
Humanistic psychology
Focuses on each person’s individual potential and their inherent drives towards personal growth self actualization and creativity
Cognitive psychology
Study of mental processes. It also focuses on ways people process information. It’s studies many different areas including thinking, attention, language, memory, perception, problem-solving, creativity and learning
