Research Designs Lecture Notes

Question 0

Causal relationship

Answer 0

When he change in one variable forces a change in another variable

Question 1

Experimental method

Answer 1

The type of research design that manipulates or causes a change in the independent variable and then measures the resulting change in the dependent variable

Question 2

Operational definition

Answer 2

How researcher specifically defined a variable (must be measurable).

Question 3

Experimental group

Answer 3

The test group that is manipulated or change during the experiment

Question 4

control group

Answer 4

The group an experiment that is not exposed to any treatment or manipulated or changed

Question 5

Independent variable

Answer 5

The variable that is changed or manipulated

Question 6

Dependent variable

Answer 6

The variable that the researcher measures to assess the effect of the independent variable

Question 7

internal validity

Answer 7

The confidence of an experiment

Question 8

Extraneous variable

Answer 8

Variable that is not understudy which affects the results of an experiment

Question 9

Confound

Answer 9

When a researcher fails to control some extraneous variable that affects the results of an experiment

Question 10

Participant demand

Answer 10

Participants behave in the way that they think the experimenter wants them to behave

Question 11

Experimenter bias

Answer 11

Phenomenon in which an experimenter’s expectations influence the outcome of an experiment

Question 12

Representative sample

Answer 12

A sample to accurately reflects the larger population

Question 13

Random sampling

Answer 13

To obtain a representative sample researchers use random sampling techniques

Question 14

Blind studies

Answer 14

Experiment where the participant does not know if they are receiving the real treatment

Question 15

Double-blind study

Answer 15

The experiment were both the participants and the research assistant do not know who is receiving the real treatment

Question 16

Random assignment

Answer 16

Citing participants to different conditions of an experiment by chance

Question 17

Replication

Answer 17

All research studies must be able to be replicated in order to confirm the results

Question 18

Quasi-experimental

Answer 18

An experiment that does not require a random assignment to groups

Question 19

Measures of central tendency

Answer 19

Single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position of the data

Question 20

The three types of The measures of central tendency

Answer 20

Mean, median, and mode

Question 21

Correlational method

Answer 21

Researchers look for relationships between naturally occurring variables

Question 22

Correlation coefficient

Answer 22

This is a measure of the linear correlation between two variables, often used in correlation research studies

Question 23

Longitudinal studies

Answer 23

An experiment that utilizes repeated observations of the same variable over a long period of time

Question 24

Three main types of descriptive research

Answer 24

Case studies, observational methods, and survey research

Question 25

Descriptive research

Answer 25

Used to describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon

Question 26

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 26

Involves collecting data at one specific point in time

Question 27

Case studies

Answer 27

These studies examining one individual case in great detail

Question 28

Naturalistic observation

Answer 28

Watching and recording behavior as it happens in its natural environment. This method merely describes behavior, it does not explain it

Question 29

Surveys

Answer 29

A way of gathering research information using questionnaires

Question 30

Scales of measurement

Answer 30

Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio