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gastro > Why Might my Patient be Jaundiced? > Flashcards

Why Might my Patient be Jaundiced? Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 symptoms/ signs of jaundice?

A

Yellowing of the sclera/ skin

Caused by an increase in the blood levels of bilirubin

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2
Q

What is bilirubin

A

A normal by-product of the break down of red blood cells

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3
Q

Where does the breakdown of red blood cells mainly occur?

A

Spleen

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4
Q

What is bilirubin used to form and where?

A

Bile in the liver

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5
Q

What is the bilary tree and what does it do?

A

It transports bile

It is a set of tubes connecting the liver to the 2nd part of the duodenum

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6
Q

What is the role of the gallbladder?

A

Storage and concentration of bile

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7
Q

What is the main function of bile?

A

Normal absorption of fats from the small intestine

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8
Q

What does the pancreas do? and why is this necessary?

A

It excretes digestive enzymes into the 2nd part of the duodenum.
Necessary for digestion of food

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9
Q

Where is the portal triad found?

A

In the free edge of the lesser omentum

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10
Q

What does the portal triad consist of?

A

Hepatic artery, Heaptic portal vein and the common bile duct

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11
Q

What do the 3 tubes supply?

A

Blood supply to and drainage to the liver

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12
Q

What else is found in the portal triad?

A

Nerves and lymphatics

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13
Q

What is the first of the three midline branches of the abdominal aorta called?

A

The celiac trunk

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14
Q

The celiac trunk is retroperitoneal, define this

A

Situated or occuring behind the peritoneum

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15
Q

Where does the celiac trunk arise?

A

T12

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16
Q

What organs do the celiac trunk supply

A

All of the organs of the foregut

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17
Q

The celiac trunk trifurcates into what 3 branches?

A

Splenic artery, hepatic artery and the left gastric artery

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18
Q

Describe the course of the splenic artery

A

Very tortuous course

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19
Q

Where does the splenic artery run?

A

Along the superior border of the pancreas

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20
Q

What type of organ is the spleen?

A

Intraperitoneal organ within the hypochondrium

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21
Q

What is the main function of the spleen?

A

Break down red blood cells to produce bilirubin

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22
Q

What ribs protect the spleen?

A

Ribs 9-11

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23
Q

Where does the blood supply to the stomach come from?

A

RIght and left gastric arteries and the right and left gastro-omental arteries

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24
Q

Where do the gastric arteries run?

A

Along the lesser curvature

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25
Q

Where do the gastro-omental arteries run?

A

Along the greater curvature

26
Q

What would happen if one of the blood supplies was cut off?

A

Blood would still be delivered from the other supply

27
Q

Where does the blood supplying the liver come from?

A

Hepatic Artery

28
Q

How much blood arrives from the hepatic artery?

A

20-25%

29
Q

What other vessel delivers the rest of the blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

30
Q

What type of blood does the hepatic portal vein carry

A

Nutrient rich, oxygen poor blood

31
Q

Where does the liver lie?

A

Upper right quadrant

32
Q

What is the main function of the liver

A

Major metabolic organ which converts bilirubin to bile

33
Q

What ribs protect the liver?

A

Ribs 7-11

34
Q

What are the 4 anatomical segments of the liver?

A

Right and Left lobes, Caudate lobe and Quadrate lobe

35
Q

How many functional segments does the liver have?

A

8

36
Q

What does each segment possess?

A

Its own portal triad

37
Q

How many veins drain blood from the liver?

A

3 Hepatic Veins

38
Q

A rise in Central Venous Pressure would result in what?

A

Hepatomegaly as the liver would engorge in blood and the change in pressure is directly transmitted to the liver

39
Q

What is the function of the sinusoids?

A

To clean the blood (nutrients are removed)

40
Q

What is being produced in the hepatocytes?

A

Bile

41
Q

Name the 2 clinically important areas of the peritoneal cavitiy related to the liver

A 
Hepatorenal recess (Morrison's Pouch
Subphrenic recess
42
Q

Where are the recesses of the liver located?

A

Within the greater sac

43
Q

What could a collection of puss in the recess lead to?

A

Abscess formation

44
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein act?

A

Drains blood from the foregut, midgut and hindgut to the liver for first pass metabolism (cleaning)

45
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain blod

A

Drains the blood from the hindgut to the splenic vein

46
Q

What does the splenic vein do?

A

drains the blood From the foregut to the hepatic portal vein

47
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein do?

A

Drains the blood from the midgut to the hepatic portal vein

48
Q

What does the IVC do?

A

Drains the cleaned blood from the hepatic veins into the right atrium

49
Q

What ligaments attach the liver to the diaphragm?

A

Coronary ligaments

50
Q

What ligaments attach the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Falciform ligament

51
Q

What is the name of the remnant of the embryological umbilical vein?

A

Ligamentum teres / round ligament

52
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores and concentrates bile in between meals

53
Q

What is the name of the narrowing of the gall bladder/?

A

Cystic duct

54
Q

What is the narrowing a potential site for

A

Gallstone impaction

55
Q

How does the blood reach the gallbladder?

A

Through tthe cystic artery which is a branch of the right hepatic artery

56
Q

What can cause gallbladder pain

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder or cystic duct following irritations from or ompaction of a gallstone

57
Q

What type of organ is the gallbladder?

A

A foregut organ

58
Q

Visceral afferents enters the spinal cord between which 2 verticbrae?

A

T6 and T9

59
Q

Where else can pain be found form the gall bladder?

A 
Hypochondriium
Right shoulder (as a result of diaphrmatic irritation)
60
Q

What is a cholescystectomy

A

Surgical removal of a gall bladder

gastro (67 decks)

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