Oral malignancies and Cancer Flashcards
Name 3 symtoms of oral cancers?
Ulceration, bleeding and induration
Describe the epidemiology of Oral cancer
Much higher in women than in men (nearly 2 times as much)
What type of oral cancer has the highest 4 year survival rate?
Lip
What happens to the prevelance of oral cancer with age
An increase as age increases
What age are most oral cancer patients
> 50 years old
Name some causes of oral cancer
Tobacco Alcohol diet and nutrition HPV UVL Candida
Why do people think that the water pipe is safer?
Why is it not?
Because it is filtered through water
It can be inhaled further into the lungs
What are the guidelines of alcohol per week
21 units for males
14 units for females
Give an example of 1 unit
Half pint beer
Shot of spirit
Glass of wine
What is the daily maximum alcohol unit recommended for men and women?
3-4 in males
1-2 in females
What is a binge drink for men and women?
Males - at least 8 units
Females - at least 6 units
i.e. double the maximum amount for 1 day
What are the nutritional risks for Oral Cancer
Low Vit. A, C and Iron all increase the risk of Oral cancer
Describe the prognosis for HPV and non HPV with association to oropharyngeal cancer
There is a better prognosis for HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer than for non HPV
How do you prevent Oral Cancer?
Stop smoking and decrease alcohol intake
Increase fruit and veg increase
What are the common signs for early oral cancer
White and red lesions anywhere in the mouth
Where are the high risk sites
Soft non keratinizing sites:
Ventral tongue
Floor of mouth
Lateral tongue
Where are the rare sites of oral cancer?
Dorsal tongue
Hard palate
What are the majority of cancers which present in the mouth?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What colour do melanomas tend to be?
Black
What are the warning signs for oral cancer?
Red/ white / red and white lesion Ucler (exclude trauma, drug, systemic etc) Numb feeling eg. lip or face Unexplained pain in mouth or neck Change in voice Dysphagia Drooping eye lid or facial palsy Fracture of mandible Dougle vision Blocked or bleeding from nose Facial swelling
What are the 4 key questions to ask a patient?
How long has the lesion been present for ? (2-3 weeks)
Is it painful? (pain is a usually late manifestation of OC but would be expected if benign ulcer
Does patient smoke? and Drink? how Much ?
What colour is the lesion?
Who was John Diamond?
A journalist diagnosed with throat and tongue cancer
