Public Health

Question 1

What 3 elements do you need to get tooth decay?

Answer 1

Bacteria, sugar and tooth

Question 2

What is dental caries

Answer 2

A dynamic process involving the exchange of calcium and phosphate ions between tooth structure and saliva (plaque fluid) in the presence of acids produced by the fermentation of carbs by oral micro-organisms

Question 3

What are the 4 stages of tooth decay

Answer 3

Very early stage
Initial
Moderate
Extensive

Question 4

What is DMF Index

Answer 4

The earliest way of summarising the dental health of populations.
It is the sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces

Question 5

What is decay?

Answer 5

Present experience of caries

Question 6

What is missing

Answer 6

Past treatment of caries

Question 7

What is filled?

Answer 7

Past treatment of caries

Question 8

What are some of the problems with DMF?

Answer 8

Not all teeth are lost through caries

It is irreversible - and so not good for measuring beneficial interventions

Question 9

What is DMFT

Answer 9

A count of all decayed or missing or filled teeth: a measure of obvious decay experience
It is a count of all primary teeth that are decaued, extracted due to carires or filled

Question 10

Where is the highest caries distribution in the UK

Answer 10

Northern Ireland.

Scotland is higher than England

Question 11

What is NDIP

Answer 11

A national dental inspection programme

Question 12

What can be described as a caries trend?

Answer 12

The distribution of caries in a population through time

Question 13

Why has there been a world wide reduction in dental caries in children over the last 40 years

Answer 13

Brushing teeth with toothpaste containing fluoride

Question 14

Is there any factor involved in the unequal distribution of dental caries?

Answer 14

Socio-economic status - associated with many illnesses, including dental caries

Question 15

Describe the distibution of caries areound the mouth

Answer 15

Usually in the molars at the back of the mouth

Question 16

What has happened to the total tooth loss in the last 40 years

Answer 16

A decrease in total tooth loss due to improvements in toothpaste

Question 17

What happens to the total tooth loss with age

Answer 17

Increases from around 50 years +

Question 18

What is the most common disease in the world?

Answer 18

Tooth decay

Question 19

How do we assess periodontal diseases

Answer 19

Basic Periodontal examination (BPE)

a probe that goes in between the teeth to determine the loss of bone structure

Question 20

What are the treatments of gum disease?

Answer 20

Oral hygiene
Stop smoking 
Scaling and root planing 
Surgery (extreme cases)
Long term maintenance 
Extraction

Question 21

What has happened to the global numbers of gum disease recently

Answer 21

Incerased in some countries and decreased in others. Constant ongoing challenge to the NHS and other organisations

Question 22

What is childsmile?

Answer 22

A national programme designed to improve the oral health of children in scotland and reduce inequalities both in dental health and access to dental services

Question 23

Why are schemes like childsmile important?

Answer 23

We get a good idea of global trends through children more easily than we do through adults

Question 24

What 3 elements are integrated in the programme

Answer 24

Core toothbrushing
Nursery and school
practice

Question 25

Who delivers childsmile?

Answer 25

Dental Health support workers
Extended Duty Dental Nurses
Dental Practice staff
Health visitors and public health nurses

Question 26

What causes a 40% reduction in dental caries in children?

Answer 26

2 applications of fluoride varnish

Question 27

What reasons are there for a decrease in money spent in dental services

Answer 27

Less people are going due to having to pay

Reduce in dental problems