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Gastro > Embryology of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Embryology of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What happens by week 4

A

Endodermal tube running thought the centre of the emrbyo is present

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2
Q

What happens to the cloaca

A

develops into both parts of the urinary system and also for the hind gut

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3
Q

What are the 2 origins of the GI Tract

A

Endoderm and Visceral mesoderm

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4
Q

What does the endoderm form

A

Epithelium of mucosa and associated ducts and glands

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5
Q

What does the visceral mesoderm surround

A

Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa and muscularis externa
CT of submucosa and External CT

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6
Q

What is the endoderm suspended in a bit of?

A

The mesoderm

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7
Q

What is the dorsal mesogastrium associated with?

A

Stomach, duodenum and mesentery proper (largest part of the dorsal mesentery associated with the small intestine

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8
Q

What happens to the dorsal mesogastrium

A

Moves downwards and forwards to become the greater omentum

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9
Q

How are the mesenteries brought into their final positions

A

Rotation of different parts of the gut

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10
Q

When is the oesophagus distringuishable by?

A

End of week 4

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11
Q

What develops in terms of the oesophagus in week 5

A

Circular muscle

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12
Q

What develops in terms of the oesophagus in week 8

A

Longitudinal muscle

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13
Q

What does the dilatation indicate at the end of week 4?

A

The stomach

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14
Q

How is the unusual shape of the stomach brought about

A

Swelling is not growing at a uniform rate - quicker on the left border. As it grows it starts to undergo a rotation

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15
Q

Where will the original left side of the stomach lie

A

Anteriorly

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16
Q

Where will the original right side of the stomach lie

A

Posteriorly

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17
Q

What also rotates at the same time as the stomach

A

Vagus nerves

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18
Q

Where does the greater curvature move

A

Slightly inferiorly pointing down

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19
Q

Where does the lesser curvature end up pointing

A

Slightly downwards

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20
Q

What forms the lesser sac

A

Growth and rotations of the stomach

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21
Q

What else does the growth and rotation of the stomach cause

A

The dorsal mesentery to bulge

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22
Q

What forms the greater omentum

A

Continued growth of the dorsal mesentery

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23
Q

What 2 things form from the ventral mesentery

A

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament

24
Q

What 3 parts make up the duodenum and what do they make up

A

Caudal portion of foregut - parts 1 and 2 of duodenum
Cranial portion of midgut - parts 3 and 4 of duodenum
Duodenal loop is directed to the right due to the rotation of the stomach

25
Q

Describe the growth of the liver bud

A

Into the mesoderm of the septum Transversum

26
Q

What is the duodenum closely associated with

A

The liver, gall bladder and pancreas

27
Q

What is important for the formation of the diaphragm

A

septum transversum

28
Q

What is the gall bladder associated with

A

The posterior aspect of the liver

29
Q

What does the mesoderm of septum transversum give rise to

A

The development of hepatocytes and the lining of the biliary tree

30
Q

What does either side of the liver go on to be?

A

The lesser omentum

31
Q

Where do the pancreas and the common bile duct form from?

A

Proliferation of the endoderm

32
Q

What gives rise to the gall bladder

A

Diverticulum

33
Q

Name the two buds of the pancreas

A

Ventral pancreatic bud and dorsal pancreatic bud

34
Q

What supplies the dorsal pancreatic bud

A

The celiac axis

35
Q

What supplies the ventral pancreatic bud

A

Superior mesenteric artery

36
Q

HOw does the ventral pancreatic duct migrate?

A

It twists so that it lies adjacent to the dorsa pancreatic duct

37
Q

What happens as the ventral pancreatic duct migrates?

A

It pulls the common bile duct and the gall bladder closer together

38
Q

In what direction does the pancreas move?

A

Clockwise

39
Q

Where is the spleen derived from?

A

Mesoderm (not gut tube)

40
Q

When does the spleen develop

A

week 5

41
Q

What is the position of the spleen dictated by

A

The rotation of the stomach

42
Q

When does the spleen develop into a lymphatic organ?

A

Weeks 15-18

43
Q

What comprises the midgut

A 
Second half of duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum 
Caecum and appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon
44
Q

What happens at the beginning of week 4 in the midgut

A

Communicates with the yolk sac along its length

45
Q

What happens during week 4 in the midgut

A

Connection with the yolk sac narrows

46
Q

What happens to the midgut by the end of week 4

A

Connected to the yolk sac via narrow vitelline duct

47
Q

What happens in week 5 in terms of the midgut

A

The midgut has outgrown the embryo and bulges ventrally into the umbilicus

48
Q

What occupies the majority of the abdominal space

A

The liver

49
Q

What direction does the midgut rotate as you look at it

A

Anticlockwise

50
Q

What acts as an axis for the rotation to occur around

A

Superior mesenteric artery

51
Q

What does the caecal bud develop into and when does this happen

A

Caecum and the appendix

Week 8

52
Q

When does re-entry of the midgut into the body cavity occur

A

Around week 10

53
Q

What returns first?

A

Small intestine

54
Q

Describe the movement of the caecum

A

It moves back in last and lies below the liver in the Upper right quadrant. It will then move down towards the right ileac fossa.

55
Q

What is a vitelline cyst

A

A fibrous plaque

56
Q

When does the formation of the definitive gut lumen occur?

A

Weeks 5-9

57
Q

Why does the lumen of the gut initially become ecluded

A

The endodermal lining is going to proliferate

Gastro (67 decks)

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