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Gastro > Histology of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Histology of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What covers the oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

What covers the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx

A

Respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What covers the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What covers the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

Smooth stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Name the 4 types of papillae on the tongue

A

Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate
Filiform

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6
Q

Describe the filiform

A

They have no taste buds

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7
Q

Describe the fungiform

A

Strawberry pips - lots of taste buds

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8
Q

Describe the foliate

A

Little slits, lined by taste buds- largest surface area due to the presence of slits

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9
Q

Describe the circumvallate

A

Obvious growth structures - serous glands

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10
Q

What 4 major layers compose the stereotypical GI tract?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa / Adventitia

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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12
Q

What comprises the submucosa

A

Loose connective tissue

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13
Q

What comprises the muscularis externa

A

Two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner cicrular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

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14
Q

What comprises the serosa or adventitia

A

Outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs.

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15
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia

A

Serosa - something you can pick up such as the stomach.

The adventitia is something that is more bound down eg the oesophagus

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16
Q

Describe the change in cells at the gastro-oesophageal junction

A

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium of the oesophagus to the columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach

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17
Q

What does 1 gastric pit branch into

A

1-7 gastric glands

18
Q

What are the gastric pits lined by?

A

Surface mucous cells

19
Q

What are the types of mucosa that can be found in the stomach

A

Cardia (deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed tortuous glands)
Body (shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands)
Pylorus (deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands at a higher density than in the cardia

20
Q

Why is the muscularis externa of the stomach unusual?

A

It contains an additional layer - it is oblique to the usual circular and longitudinal muscle layers and is located internal to the circular layer. This layer aids the churning action of the stomach

21
Q

What is the thickened inner circular layer of smooth muscle?

A

Pyloric sphincter

22
Q

What are the pits in the small intestine called?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

23
Q

Describe the length of the duodenum in terms of its different components

A

Duodenum (25cm)
Jejunum (2m)
Ileum (2.75m)

24
Q

What type of glands can be found in the duodenum

A

Brunner’s glands

25
Q

What is the name of the specialised lymphoid follicles in the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

26
Q

Where is the plicae circularis found?

A

Jejunum

27
Q

What is the function of enterocytes

A

Absorptive cell

28
Q

What is the function of Goblet cells

A

Produce mucin for protection and lubrication

29
Q

What is the function of paneth cells

A

Defensive function and a regulating role in bascterial flora

30
Q

What is the function of neuroendocrine cell

A

Produce hormones

31
Q

What is the function of stem cells

A

Divide to replenish the epithelium

32
Q

Where are fats deposited

A

In the lacteal

33
Q

How are Brunner’s glands stimulated

A

With the presence of chyme

34
Q

What do Brunner’s glands produce when stimulated

A

thin, alkaline, mucous to neutralise the chyme

35
Q

What do the colonic glands or the colonic crypts produce

A

Mucus

36
Q

What are the two principle types of cells in the Large intestine

A

Absorptive and goblet cells

37
Q

How are the cells in the large intestine arranged

A

In straight, tubular glands referred to as crypts that extend down the muscularis mucosae

38
Q

Describe the longitudinal smooth muscle in the large intestine

A

Not continuous

found in 3 muscular strips called teniae coli

39
Q

What is the name of the guts nervous system

A

Enteric nervous system

40
Q

Where does the ENS receive input from

A

The autonomic nervous system

41
Q

What else helps to regulate the secretion in the epithelium?

A

The second netowrk of neurones in the submucosa (submucosal plexus)

Gastro (67 decks)

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