Why Do We Breathe? Flashcards
Respiratory System
Nares
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Bronchioles (terminal, respiratory)
Alveolar
Alveoli
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx.
Lower Respiratory Tract
Larynx pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
Functions of Nasal Cavilty
Hair, mucus, cilia, lysozyme (kills bacteria), capillary network, conchae & meatuses (increases mucosal surface), olfaction.
Functions of Larynx
Maintains open passageways for air, directs food in oesophagus away from respiratory tract, sound production, traps debris from entering lungs.
Parietal Pleura
Superficial, lines inner wall of thoracic cavity.
Visceral Pleura
Deep, covers the lungs.
Pleural Cavity
Space between the two layers.
Vestibule (E)
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Nasal Cavity (E)
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Nasopharynx (E)
Pseudostratified silicates columnar epithelium.
Oropharynx (E)
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Laryngopharynx (E)
Stratified squamous epithelium.
Trachea
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
Alveoli (E)
Simile squamous epithelium.
Type 1 Pneumocytes
Simple squamous epithelial cells, site of gas exchange.
Type 2 Pneumocytes
Simple cuboidal cells, secrete alveolar fluid & surfactant.
Characteristics of Respiratory Membrane
Thick membrane, surface area, diffusion coefficient, partial pressure, moist membranes.
Pulmonary Ventilation
Breathing in & out.
External Respiration
Gas exchange between alveolar air spaces & alveolar capillaries across respiratory membranes.
Tidal Volume
Amount of air inspired or expired with each breath.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of the tidal volume.
Expiratory Reserve Volume
The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the tidal volume.
Residual Volume
The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages & lungs after the most forceful expiration.
Respiratory Rate
Number of breaths taken per minute.
Minute Ventilation
Total amount of air moved into & out of the respiratory system each minute.
Tidal volume * respiratory rate.
Anatomical Dead Space
Space formed by nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles & terminal bronchioles.
Alveolar Ventilation
Volume of air available for gas exchange per minute.
Forced Vital Capacity
Maximal volume of air that can be forcefully expired as fast as possible after a deep breath in.
