How Do We Get Rid Of Toxic Waste? Flashcards
Renal Capsule
Connective tissue surrounding each kidney.
Adipose Tissue
Surrounds the outside of the renal capsule for protection.
Renal Fascia
Thin layer of connective tissue surrounding the adipose tissue. Anchors kidneys to abdominal wall.
Hilum
On the concave (medial) side. Renal artery & nerves enter kidney. Renal vein, ureter & lymphatics exit. Opens into the renal sinus which is filled with fat & loose CT.
Renal Pyramids
Bases project into cortex. Cone-shaped. The base is the boundary between cortex & medulla.
Renal Papilla
Apex of pyramid in kidney.
Renal Columns
Extensions of cortical tissue into the medulla.
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidneys. Blood enters for filtration and filtrate/urine is produced.
Urine Flow in Kidney
Nephron → papillary ducts → minor calyces → major calyces → renal pelvis → ureter.
Types of Nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons (long LoH).
Cortical nephrons (short LoH).
Renal Corpuscle
Filtration portion of nephron. Consists of glomerulus & Bowman Capsule.
Glomerulus
Network of capillaries.
Bowman’s Capsule
Enlarged end of the nephron, double walled chamber. Filters blood/fluid which then enters the PCT. Made of parietal & visceral layers.
BC: Parietal Layer
Outer layer. Simple squamous epithelium which becomes cuboidal in the PCT.
BC: Visceral Layer
Inner layer. Constructed of specialised cells known as podocytes which wrap around the glomerular capillaries.
