How Do Cells Grow, Specialise & Die?

Question 1

Nucleoside

Answer 1

Pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Nucleoside and phosphate group.

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

Histones & DNA bundled together.

Question 4

Genetics

Answer 4

Study of heredity.

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

Segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

Alternative form of a gene.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

The actual gene.

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

A person’s appearance (the expression of the genotype).

Question 9

Sex-Linked Traits

Answer 9

Traits affected by genes on sex chromosomes.

Question 10

Dipeptide

Answer 10

Two amino acids.

Question 11

Oligopeptide

Answer 11

3-10 amino acids.

Question 12

Polypeptide

Answer 12

10 or more amino acids.

Question 13

Protein

Answer 13

50 or more amino acids.

Question 14

Functions of Proteins

Answer 14

Regulation (enzymes), transport (haemoglobin), protection (antibodies), contraction (actin & myosin), structure (collagen fibres), energy (proteins can be broken down for energy).

Question 15

Fibrous Proteins

Answer 15

Simple, elongated polypeptide chains arranged in parallel fashion along a single axis. Insoluble & water stable.
Eg. collagen, keratin, actin, myosin, elastin.

Question 16

Globular Proteins

Answer 16

Polypeptide chains that fold up into a compact shape, like a ball with a rough surface. Usually water soluble.
Eg. haemoglobin, myoglobin, insulin, most enzymes, antibodies.

Question 17

Stages of Cell Division

Answer 17

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 18

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 18

Pairs of chromosomes where one is from the father & the other from the mother.

Question 19

Locus

Answer 19

The location of a gene on a chromosome.