How Do We Control Ourselves?

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Basic structural & functional unit of the NS.

Question 2

Neuroglia

Answer 2

Major supporting cells of neurons.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Nerve fibre.

Question 4

Nerve

Answer 4

Bundle of axons/nerve fibres & their sheaths.

Question 5

Sensory Recptors

Answer 5

Seperate specialised cells which detect temperature, pain, tough, pressure, light.

Question 6

Effector Organ/Tissue/Cell

Answer 6

The organ/tissue/cell in which an effect or action takes place.

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

Junction of a neuron with another cell.

Question 8

Enteric NS

Answer 8

Controls digestive system.

Question 9

Sensory Neurons

Answer 9

Conduction AP from sensory receptors to CNS.

Question 10

Motor Neuron

Answer 10

Conducts AP away from CNS towards muscles or glands.

Question 11

Interneuron

Answer 11

Conducts AP within CNS from one neuron to another.

Question 12

Grey Matter

Answer 12

Consists of cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, ganglia, unmyelinated axons, glial cells & synapses.

Question 13

White Matter

Answer 13

Few cell bodies, mainly long range myelinated axons, deeper tissues (subcortical), nerves. White due to myelin sheath.

Question 14

Somatic Reflex

Answer 14

Involves skeletal muscles such as patellar reflex.

Question 15

Autonomic Reflex

Answer 15

Involves smooth muscles, cardiac muscles or visceral, such as pupillary reflex.

Question 16

Monosynaptic Reflex

Answer 16

Simple neuronal pathway, sensory synapses with motor neuron, one synapse such as stretch reflex.

Question 17

Polysynaptic Reflex

Answer 17

Complex pathway that has multiple synapses with inter neurons between sensory & motor neurons, such as knee jerk reflex, golgi tendon reflex, Babinski reflex, pupillary reflex.

Question 18

Regions of the Spinal Cord

Answer 18

Cervical (8 spinal nerves/7 vertebral bones)
Thoracic (12/12)
Lumbar (5/5)
Sacral (5/5)
Coccygeal (1/5 fused=1)
= 31 pairs of spinal nerves in total.

Question 19

SC: Sympathetic Division

Answer 19

Thoracolumbar division.
T1-L2.

Question 20

SC: Parasympathetic Division

Answer 20

Craniosacral division.
4 cranial nerve nuclei + S2 - S4.