How Do We Control Ourselves? Flashcards
Neuron
Basic structural & functional unit of the NS.
Neuroglia
Major supporting cells of neurons.
Axon
Nerve fibre.
Nerve
Bundle of axons/nerve fibres & their sheaths.
Sensory Recptors
Seperate specialised cells which detect temperature, pain, tough, pressure, light.
Effector Organ/Tissue/Cell
The organ/tissue/cell in which an effect or action takes place.
Synapse
Junction of a neuron with another cell.
Enteric NS
Controls digestive system.
Sensory Neurons
Conduction AP from sensory receptors to CNS.
Motor Neuron
Conducts AP away from CNS towards muscles or glands.
Interneuron
Conducts AP within CNS from one neuron to another.
Grey Matter
Consists of cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, ganglia, unmyelinated axons, glial cells & synapses.
White Matter
Few cell bodies, mainly long range myelinated axons, deeper tissues (subcortical), nerves. White due to myelin sheath.
Somatic Reflex
Involves skeletal muscles such as patellar reflex.
Autonomic Reflex
Involves smooth muscles, cardiac muscles or visceral, such as pupillary reflex.
Monosynaptic Reflex
Simple neuronal pathway, sensory synapses with motor neuron, one synapse such as stretch reflex.
Polysynaptic Reflex
Complex pathway that has multiple synapses with inter neurons between sensory & motor neurons, such as knee jerk reflex, golgi tendon reflex, Babinski reflex, pupillary reflex.
Regions of the Spinal Cord
Cervical (8 spinal nerves/7 vertebral bones)
Thoracic (12/12)
Lumbar (5/5)
Sacral (5/5)
Coccygeal (1/5 fused=1)
= 31 pairs of spinal nerves in total.
SC: Sympathetic Division
Thoracolumbar division.
T1-L2.
SC: Parasympathetic Division
Craniosacral division.
4 cranial nerve nuclei + S2 - S4.
